Mesopotami A Most Essential Civilization - 1827 Words

Mesopotamia was a very essential civilization. During 4000 BCE, the Ubaid period began. This stage of Mesopotamian life gives one a prime example of a successful civilization. The Ubaid period also involved many interesting events that created the name of this prosperous culture. Pottery expanded to the fullest during this time. Inventions were constructed and were found out to be an accomplishment. They discovered that they could work and build at a much faster and easier pace using these inventions. Architecture and designs were a huge discovery. The buildings and designs that were created during the Ubaid period were astonishing. These reasons and many others are why the Ubaid era was such a memorable time for the Mesopotamians.†¦show more content†¦Many events and actions took place during this time. Mesopotamia was an outstanding civilization and contained many treasures, including pottery, inventions, architecture, and Ziggurats. Civilizations, like Mesopotamia, are cr eated and formed all over the world. What we see as normal can be seen as a total obscenity in another. During the Ubaid era, if a woman cheats on her husband, it is considered a crime and she would get put to death. In today’s society, this would be unethical and wrong but not considered a crime with a death sentence. Mesopotamia had a very strong society, which is always required for any civilization in order for them to become successful. The Ubaid period contained citizens who were smart and developed the ability to survive. This is the main key to acquiring a successful society. Back in beginning of the world, growing and hunting for food was a big factor. We need food and nutrients in order to survive. People who lived in Mesopotamia during the Ubaid period were able to feed themselves and their loved ones. Longer lasting lives were obtainable to them. â€Å"Groups of humans tailored their lifestyles to local conditions. In the eastern part of the region, hunter-gather ers moved up and down the mountains, depending on the season. In the spring they pursued herds of wild sheep and goats up to higher elevations, harvesting wild grasses along the way.† (Hackney Blackwell) Citizens need a way to protect

Greed The True Heart Of Darkness - 1882 Words

Greed: The True Heart of Darkness Garrett Wixon Current Student at Mat-Su College Abstract The aim of this essay is to discuss in detail the background of the Joseph Conrad’s novel Heart of Darkness, and the atrocities that occurred. The whole idea of imperialism in the book is based on the rule of King Leopold II, and that the company is one of the many that he would use to extract the resources. The book also shows the maltreatment of the native Congolese in explicit detail, similar to how the true events would occur. The text also recognizes historical events and practices that were current at that time. It called into mention a certain act that we see at the fort in which Kurtz rules; the act of placing severed heads on pikes. The†¦show more content†¦Part II: The Yeke Kingdom Mwami Msiri Ngelengwa was king of the Yeke people at the time King Leopold II’s reign, for approximately 5 years (1886 to 1891). Msiri is believed to have been born in 1850, but at a time when birth dates were not recorded, it is believed he may have been born as early as 1850. Msiri’s father, Mwami Mwinula Kipamira had taken Msiri to Ktanga, where he then witnessed the great wealth that this land supported. As Msiri aged he collected more and more wealth and popularity. One of the ways he gained this wealth was through the trade of slaves. However, there ideal of slavery is different than ours and that they were treated with respect, were accepted into the family, and could develop opportunities to free themselves from their bonds. These slaves were not shackled or tied, and were allowed free roam so long as they obeyed their master. Even punishment itself was not as severe, for those slaves could be punished they would not be killed. Eventually, his popularity would grow to the point in which he would become a king, ruling over his own subjects. Part III: Exploration of Africa Henry Morton Stanley, an explorer of the time, had previously explored Africa, and is the one famous for the line â€Å"Dr. Livingstone I presume,† which he wrote in his journal. After having come backShow MoreRelatedEssay on Heart of Darkness1387 Words   |  6 PagesHeart of Darkness-ISP By: Robert Pittelli You can argue that nearly everyone on this planet has at least one desire within that is so dark and evil that they would do anything to achieve that goal. However, most individuals are capable of controlling and taming their greedy desires for personal gain such as wealth, power, and fame, to the point where they are concealed, leaving their sanity untouched by the extreme darkness of their sinful wishes. Joseph Conrad’s novel, Heart of Darkness, providesRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1080 Words   |  5 Pages1 Kathrine Carrasquillo Dr. David Mulry Engl 2112 Feb 13, 2017 Who is Mr. Kurtz, and what does Conrad use him for? Mr. Kurtz is the main character in Joseph Conrad s English novella, Heart of Darkness. There is no proof that Mr. Kurtz is based on a real person, so it is assumed that he is a made up character. When Mr. Kurtz is first introduced the audience learns that he is a Belgian ivory trader and he was sent to Africa by his employer for work. At first glance, Mr. Kurtz just represents a normalRead MoreHeart Of Darkness, By Joseph Conrad1306 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is the â€Å"horror† in Heart of Darkness, and what particular literary images develop that idea of horror in the novel? In Joseph Conrad’s, Heart of Darkness, there can be many literary images found within that develop the idea of horror. Heart of Darkness is noted for its horror within the Congo between the Africans and the Europeans. The horror in Heart of Darkness is a contribution of many ideas that are formed and contributed from the European colonists. The purpose of this essay aims to argueRead MoreThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad983 Words   |  4 PagesThe Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad is a story that takes place in the early 1890s and presents us with an odyssey of a traveler known as Marlow who confronts the dangers of the Congo jungle while also witnessing the wicked, inhumane treatment of the African natives. In the story, Marlow represents Joseph Conrad who had actually traveled up the Congo in 1890 and witnessed the European exploitation of the African natives firsthand. In the Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad exposes the inhumanityRead MoreInternal Conflict In Heart Of Darkness1483 Words   |  6 PagesThe novella Heart of Darkness was written in 1899. At the turn of the century, the author, Joseph Conrad, was 32 and lived through what he writes about. In a journey through Congo, Conrad uses the novella’s central character Marlowe to represent himself and portray his experiences. Like many other writers and artists throughout history, people of his time did not appreciate his work. Even the true meaning of the novel was not understood until later. In the novella Heart of Darkness, Joseph ConradRead MoreHeart of Darkness Imperialism, Hegemony, and Othering1570 Words   |  7 PagesNarrative of Thought I remember when I first read Heart of Darkness. I was a sophomore in high school when I had been required to read it. I remember when I got it. I thought to myself that it might be a cool book. I read the first five pages and wanted to throw it the window. It was confusing, frustrating and a little weird. Eventually I did read it. The more I read the more it made sense. When I finished it, I was still a little confused, but I understood it better. I would not say that the exactRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad944 Words   |  4 PagesThe novella Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, ultimately refers not to the impenetrable wilderness of the African Congo with which the European colonists are confronted, but rather to the primal and insurmountable darkness of the human heart. In the â€Å"civilized† world of the Europeans, man has driven this darkness back into his subconscious, and instead presents a faà §ade of virtue and good intentions. Africa, on the other hand, which is seen as a â€Å"primeval† environment, its people a less evolvedRead MoreAnalysis Of Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1569 Words   |  7 Pagesits irrefutable beauty and power. While Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is set in a patriarchal society, the jungle that is recognized to have female qualities, enforces the main commanding force over the men in the Congo. Conrad’s two contrasting representations of women are sho wn through the influential Congolese woman, who is a personification of the jungle, and the Intended, who represents the Western women who are oblivious to the true horrors in modern day society. As we near the end of theRead MoreAnalysis Of Conrad s The Heart Of Darkness 1612 Words   |  7 PagesThe 9th plague was Darkness. A darkness so thick, people could not see for three days. Darkness restricts vision and thus the way man understands the world. Conrad explores a similar darkness throughout The Heart of Darkness. He writes about how this darkness, a blindness towards others, can lead to the moral degradation of mankind in his novel. Throughout the novel, the reader is able to see Conrad’s perspective of humanity by discussing two integral issues of the time, Racism and Colonialism. MoreRead MoreThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1255 Words   |  6 Pages In the Heart Of Darkness by Joseph Conrad he revels that everyone has a dark or evil side to himself or herself even if they might not be aware of it. Marlow embarked on a spiritual adventure to the Congo, where he witnesses Kurtz, the man he has come so far to meet is engulfed in greed and has the natives look up to him as a godlike figure. Conrad tells the tale of a mans psychological journey in ones mind as he progresses through the jungle. Marlow’s psychological changes become

The American Civil War - 981 Words

The American Civil War was one of the major events in history that helped develop America to what it is today. Many people think that the American Civil War was fought over the issue of slavery alone, but in reality it was caused by many disagreements and events between the northern free states and southern slave states that occurred prior to the war. Monetary alterations were one of the main reasons the North and South had many conflicts and differences in beliefs. The Civil War was an inevitable event for the South due to economic, political, and social reasons. One of the crucial reasons the South was fated to fight the Civil War was the economy. The reason for this is because the economy of the South was based on agriculture, while the economy of the North was based on industrialization. This in turn resulted in different economic values and beliefs between the two. Since the American government favored the northern beliefs it caused tension between the South which later resulted in disputes between each other. A major issue that formed among the two was the conflict of tariffs. Tariffs developed into an increasing issue when the northern manufactures pushed for higher tariffs constantly for protection due to the large scale dumping of British goods in America that occurred after the War of 1812. This slowly angered the southerners which inevitably led to what is known as the Nullification Crisis. This was caused when the state of South Carolina, led by John C. Calhoun,Show MoreRelatedAmerican War And The American Civil War1551 Words   |  7 Pageswhich then caused the Southern states of America to decide to leave the American Union and create their own Southern Confederacy. This tore our nation apart. The American Civil War had begun and the very people that were once neighbors had each other’s blood on their hands. Many American lives had been lost. The American lives lost in the Civil War even exceeded the number of American lives lost during Wo rld War I and World War II. We were divided. The North wanted to reunite with the southern statesRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War was arguably the most important war in the history of the country. The War of Independence may have allowed American to become its’ own country, but the Civil War resulted in something even more important than that, the end of slavery in the southern states. All of the issues that caused the Civil war were based around slavery, such as states’ rights that involved how slavery would be handled in each state, and trying to preserve the Union since the south seceded from the northRead MoreThe American Civil War1296 Words   |  6 Pages The American Civil War, also known as the State’s War, was a conflict that arose mostly from the issue of slavery, but deep down was due to economic differences between the North and the South. The South seceded from the North and created their o wn self-government due to their belief in the lack of state’s rights versus the federal government and what they saw as a weakness in the Articles of Confederation. While the Confederacy of the United States depended on slave labor for their economy in regardsRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1618 Words   |  7 Pages A Civil War is a battle between the same citizens in a country. The American Civil War was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the independence for the Confederacy or the survival of the Union. By the time Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1861, in the mist of 34 states, the constant disagreement caused seven Southern slave states to their independence from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, generally known as the South, grew to include elevenRead MoreThe American Civil War1418 Words   |  6 PagesGuns fired, smoke lingering in the air, people dying. The American Civil War had a huge impact on t he United States. Two compromises took place before the start of the Civil War. These compromises include the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. The Missouri Compromise dealt with the crisis in 1819 over Missouri entering the Union as a slave state. The compromise was â€Å"the first major crisis over slavery, and it shattered a tacit agreement between the two regions that had been in placeRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1324 Words   |  6 PagesThere were many events that led to the cause of one of America’s most devastating war, the American Civil War. The American Civil War was an unfortunate war that cost more than the lives of six hundred thousand people. Events such as the Missouri Compromise, Kansas Nebraska Act, Dred Scott Decision, and the Election of Abraham Lincoln resulted in the four yearlong battles between the Northern and Southern states due to social and economic differences on the idea of slavery. In the 19th century,Read MoreThe War Of The American Civil War Essay1472 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War lasted from April 12, 1861 to May 9, 1865. It was the bloodiest war in American history, killing approximately 620,000 soldiers in total. The War was fought and won by the North, ensuring that all the United States would stay united and slavery would be illegal in The United States. However, history is one of the most complicated things in the world. It’s also one of the most important things in the world because history is what made the present possible. Historians have debatedRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War960 Words   |  4 Pagesslavery even if it meant war caused peace in this nation. Slavery was the vital cause of the American Civil War. The north and the south both had their differences on how to run the country. People in the North believed in unity and that slavery should not exist because â€Å"all men are created equally.† On the o ther hand, the South believed in continuing slavery. People tried to talk it out and come to a middle ground after both sides compromising, however that didn’t work and caused war. Ideological differencesRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War856 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery may have been established as the catalyst of the American Civil War, but the beginning of the dispute began in the time of the Revolution with a weak decentralized government under the Articles of Confederation. Later gained momentum as territorial expansion set Americans against each other on debating whether the new states should be slave states or free states, it questioned the power of the Federal government regarding state rights, and brought about instability in the unity of the UnitedRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1439 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the American Civil War began in the spring of 1861, those flocking to enlistment stations in states both north and south chiefly defined the ir cause as one of preservation. From Maine to Minnesota, young men joined up to preserve the Union. From Virginia to Texas, their future foes on the battlefield enlisted to preserve a social order, a social order at its core built on the institution of slavery and racial superiority . Secession had not been framed by prominent Southerners like Robert Toombs

Implications Of Haemoglobin T. ( HSCT ) - 806 Words

The first successful haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was conducted in 1984. Significant advances have been made since and approximately 1,200 patients have undergone transplantation (Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation personal communication, 2014). SCA is an inherited blood disorder caused by a qualitative mutation in the haemoglobin beta gene (HBB) resulting in an abnormal version known as haemoglobin S (HbS). Typically, normal haemoglobin (HbA) consists of four protein subunits, two alpha-globin and two beta-globin. Replacement of only one beta-globin subunit with HbS results in an asymptomatic heterozygous carrier of the sickle cell trait†¦show more content†¦Screening is usually performed in a newborn blood spot test and the diagnosis is confirmed when electrophoresis demonstrates the presence of homozygous HbS. SCA has been identified as a global public health problem by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the united nations (UN) with over 5 million affected people worldwide and more than a quarter million live births every year (Piel et al, 2013). The sickle cell gene is prevalent throughout sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and regions of the Indian sub-continent with haemoglobin S carrier frequencies ranging from 5% to 40% or more of the population. The WHO has reported around 85% of SCA disorders and over 70% of all affected births occur in Africa. Although SCA modifying therapies such as Hydroxyurea and chronic transfusion are available that have substiantially decreased the symptoms, these therapies do not prevent or reverse any future complications. To date, allogeneic HSCT remains the only curative form of treatment for SCA. A phase 1-2 study was carried out by Hsieh et al (2014) determining the efficacy of nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for adults with severe sickle cell disease. Data showed improvement in respective mean hemoglobin levels for females and males as 8.8 ±0.3 and 9.3 ±0.5 g per deciliter before transplantation and 12.6 ±0.6 and 12.7 ±1.1 Nine patients developed long-term, stable donor lymphohaematopoietic engraftment at levels that sufficed to reverse the

Fish Oil In Canceer Prevention Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Fish Oil In Canceer Prevention. Answer: Introduction: The constituents of the fish oil are believed by many to be a curer of osteoarthritis and therefore it is used by many as an alternative medicine to get relief form symptoms of osteoarthritis. Therefore, the patient in the case study has come to healthcare professional to be sure of this medication. The healthcare professional has to use a proper database to search for its evidence which should be authentic and therefore be helpful for advising the patient with the medication. Depending upon the clinical question, the healthcare professional has to conduct a proper search so that he can get the right articles which would help him or her to answer the query of the patient. At first he or she needs to apply proper key words in the search boxes. The following table can be used: Key words/search terms/phrases Alternative words/spelling P Old women with osteoarthritis Old women affected by osteoarthritis, older women living with osteoarthritis, aged women with osteoarthritis, Older women suffering from osteoarthritis I Use of fish oil Intake of fish oil capsules, taking of fish oil containing omega 3 fatty acids C Old women who does not use fish oil as an interventions Aged women who do not take fish oil, old women who are ignorant, old women who do not take fish oil O Reduction in pain Reduction of inflammation, increase of quality living, proper There are many databases that healthcare professionals can use for finding the answers of Pico question through evidence based searches. The first database that can be used to find fruitful results of the selected clinical questions is the Cochrane Reviews. It is named after Archie Cochrane and is a renowned database which is handled by healthcare specialties provided by Cochrane and other organizations. It is actually a database which mainly contains the systematic reviews as well as meta-analysis which ultimately help the healthcare professional to summarize and interpret the results of the medical researchers (Beckles et al., 2013). Besides, it also contains papers of well conducted trails which acts as the key source of evidence based medicine and evidence based practices for healthcare professionals. Another database that can also be used is the Cinahl database which actually has the full name of Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. The database is one of th e most widely used as well as respected research tool for nursing professionals and students along with other health professionals. This is their first choice whenever they have to search evidence for their clinical questions (Butler, Hall Copnell, 2016). They have journal articles which are mainly based on a variety of subjects like medicine, nursing technologies, betterment of treatments and many others in healthcare domains. The papers are authentic and provide the work of some of the renowned researchers of the world whose work is held a very high value in modern day healthcare. The main database selected for this study would be Cinahl. Actions Search mode Results Limiters (or expanders) S1 Fish oil AND osteoarthritis AND Boolean operation 15 Limiters Englsih language, 2009-2017 Expander all text S2 Fish oil use IN Arthritis patient IN - truncation 09 Limiters Englsih language, 2009-2017 Expander all text S3 Fish oil for treatment IN old arthritis patient IN - truncation 02 Limiters Englsih language, 2009-2017 Expander all text S4 Fish oil /arthritis /old people Wild card- / 02 Limiters Englsih language, 2009-2017 Expander all text S5 Old women suffering from osteoarthritis with fish oil Truncation- from, with 0 Limiters Englsih language, 2009-2017 Expander all text S6 Fish oil, arthritis, old people 11 Limiters Englsih language, 2009-2017 Expander all text On conducting the researches, it was seen that at first a larger number of articles were found out of which were not correctly addressing the questions set in Pico format. With the use of correct limiters, expanders, Boolean operations and truncations, the work was made much easier. The articles which ultimately came in the later searches helped more significance and out of which the two most important articles were considered for the study. The two of the most credible sources that were selected are as follows: Conclusion: Searching the Cinahl database helped us to obtain two very good authentic articles whose results helped to solve the query of Peggy successfully and provide the best advice to her. This medication is believed to bring positive result in her health condition and she can undertake capsules to get the best benefits. References: Beckles, Z., Glover, S., Ashe, J., Stockton, S., Boynton, J., Lai, R., Alderson, P. (2013). Searching CINAHL did not add value to clinical questions posed in NICE guidelines.Journal of clinical epidemiology,66(9), 1051-1057. Butler, A., Hall, H., Copnell, B. (2016). A Guide to Writing a Qualitative Systematic Review Protocol to Enhance Evidence?Based Practice in Nursing and Health Care.Worldviews on Evidence?Based Nursing,13(3), 241-249. Hill, C. L., March, L. M., Aitken, D., Lester, S. E., Battersby, R., Hynes, K., ... Jones, G. (2015). Fish oil in knee osteoarthritis: a randomised clinical trial of low dose versus high dose.Annals of the rheumatic diseases, annrheumdis-2014. Zawadzki, M., Janosch, C., Szechinski, J. (2013). Perna canaliculus lipid complex PCSO-524 demonstrated pain relief for osteoarthritis patients benchmarked against fish oil, a randomized trial, without placebo control.Marine drugs,11(6), 1920-1935

National Centre for Vocational Education †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the National Centre for Vocational Education. Answer: Introduction Nowadays Telecommunication industries are facing many challenges in building their business in Australia (Walden, 2012). Telstra is the chosen organization to make this topic clearer and emphasis on the challenges faced by the organization. As the time passing, population is increasing, and the technology is getting advanced day by day and Information Technology has become the integral part of every individual nowadays in this new world of technology (Adekunle Suraj Bontis, 2012). The challenges that telecommunication industry of Australia are facing cannot be eliminated completely but it can be minimized to extent level, for which solution and recommendation has been introduced in this report. Telstra Corporation Ltd. is one of the largest telecommunications and Media Company established in Australia. It was the first company to introduce Australia with the mobile networks in Australia. It operates and builds telecommunications networks and makes business by marketing mobile voice calls, pay television, internet access and many other services. It offers a full range of the telecommunication services and giving a big competition to the marketers in the same field (Telstra, 2017). These services cover a large area of product and services that can be provided by a telecommunication industry. Telstra is the largest and incumbent fixed-line service provider in Australia including PSTN, business and home phone and products. Telstra have also owned the majority public phones and take the responsibility to maintain it in all over the Australia (Telstra, 2017). It is the Australias largest operator of 3G UMTS and GSM mobile networks in the Australia. Following are the brief categories in which challenges faced by Telstra can be categorized: Political factors Economic factors Social factors Technological factors Market factors The government and telecommunication companies both have different opinions on how to telecommunication can be handled and run. Nowadays internet has become the integral part of the lives of individuals, thus government should acknowledge internet and Wi-Fi as basic right for the citizens. It is the need of the time that both government and telecommunication company treats internet and data in same manner (Castells, 2013). There is war raging between the government and the civilians of Australia about the net neutrality, net neutrality would prevent the service providers from throttling data speeds and internet speeds. Rates of interest, taxes and inflation of Australia are affecting the telecommunication industries including Telstra, as the price per plan are affected by such expenses, which will in turn affect the customers. With the increase in the population, more telecommunication resources are needed to be implemented; it costs the population living in rural areas (Aksoy et al., 2013). Technological advancement and customers are the min sustainability reason for Telstra, thus it is creating web pages, using digital marketing campaigns and advertising the brand on the internet to reach the customers of the Australia. Wide spreading of telecommunication services and technologies leading to establish more industries, this is resulting in economic development by providing jobs to the civilians of (AustraliaShahiduzzam Alam, 2014). Lastly, time needs the availability and accessibility of the services 24x7. The growth of telecommunication is limited in the rural areas, as it is expensive and difficult to expand in the rural areas. Customers of the rural regions have not enough money to buy internet, telephony and television packages. With the increase in population need of the telecommunication services has been increasing rapidly which can drive prices as plus revenue for Telstra depending upon the number of customers, location and needs (Abdulai Mahmpoud Hinson, 2012). Telstra telecommunication industry is monopoly; they are the head of mobile and internet carriers. Telecom services have become backbone for the users or individuals with mobile and other devices and needed internet for communication, surfing, social media, learning, teaching and many others. For an average person telecommunication has become the most important aspect for the daily life activities. There is advancement in the requirements and needs for the telecommunication companies like Telstra in Australia. Telstra is using fiber wires instead of copper wires. Mobile phones are becoming more compatible which is asking telecom companies to target the wireless business primarily. People needs internet access all the time including basic needs like voicemail, messaging and caller ID, so data are being added to the mobile plans, even Wi-Fi is being implemented in the buses and cars (Smith et al., 2012). Increase in needs led Telstra to invest more in the organization and hold strong influence over its customers and tackle its competitors in the market of smartphones, computers and laptops. With the increase in population, there is also establishment of new telecommunication companies in Australia and across the world like Optus, Vodafone and Virgin mobiles (Mayorga Sidhu, 2012). SWOT analysis will be a better option to describe market of Telstra in Australia. Strength It is the leading telecommunication company in Australia with better reputation Service portfolio is expanded in wide range Active sponsorships Customer Service Base is strong (Ershov, 2012). More than 35,000 employees in more than 230 countries Weaknesses Limited market shares Tough market segments Limited Liquidity Position (Klettner, Clarke Boersma, 2014) Opportunities Increment in IT market Demand increasing for telecom services 4G broadband launch Strategic growth initiative (Klettner, Clarke Boersma, 2014) Threats Competition with Vodafone, Optus and Virgin Mobiles Rapid change in technologies Stringent regulations (Wilson, 2014) Challenges Faced by Telstra for its Sustainability The challenges that Telstra is facing now for its sustainability can be listed as: Mobile devices penetration has increased from 30 % to 130 % from since 2008. It is being estimated that out of two Australians, one owns an internet- accessible smartphone and one out of five owns an ipad or mobile devices, which have internet access. Following is a graph showing the increased demands in cloud computing and internet uses on go (Jopson Caliso, 2016). Cisco has estimated that the demand will increase with higher rate and reaches up to 70% or 80% per year for the next decades. This could be the chance of Telstra to cover the whole market and make great businessunfortunately;it is not in this way for Telstra. Following is graph proposed by Cisco about the growth in the traffic of Australian mobile data: Increases in demands are being fulfilled by falling prices of the telecom services provided by Telstra. Prices of Data Plan have been fallen from 1.8 cents per Mb to 1.0 cent today from since 2011 (Gharakheli, 2017). Price cutting has been a long-term feature of the Telstra telecommunication industry, which can wipe out the benefits of the growth for Telstra. Convergence Rules Telstra has been responding to the increased needs and demand of its customer by providing lots of new services and trying to fulfill all the requirements that new customers are demanding. Earlier, there were landline connections for communication but by the growth of telecommunication industries in Australia, now an individual can think of mobile phones, mobile internet, Foxtel, T-boxes and internet access at anywhere, anytime.Whereas, each of the offered services operates within the discrete niche that is none of the devices are interactive. It is not the way of driving a big industry by considering the customers or the consumers. Customers want to access the internet on TV, on computer, they want to download TV on the computer and access these services in ipad. Nielson stated that younger users are more attracted towards the internet plan that a telecommunication company offers through Twitter and Facebook which results in eroded pricing power of Telstra (Freeman Hutchins, 2016). This is the trend of new age to use the communication technology, which are based on the internet and Telstra will have to move forward by considering this trend and provide services which are trending nowadays. Earlier messaging was cost to 25 cent per message, now it is almost free with every mobile plan. This led to a problem that the devices or the services for which Telstra charges separately are converging, this is not a solution this is not justified in any ways as the customers will have to pay different prices for accessing the data that is already been paid as per the plan on different devices (Rogerson, Seixas Holmes, 2016). The convergence exercises by Telstra results in the margin pressure on the services that it offers to the customer. The NBN is Accelerating the Shift The National Broadband Network (NBN) replaced the network of Telstra with the one, which is owned by the government that helps Telstra in delivering eight times increased speed than the current ADSL2+ technology (Walkins Lillingstone-Hall, 2014). Originality that made Telstra an attractive business has been removed by the tantalizing potential, which is done by owning the networks, which are affordable to control prices and margins and take benefits in the competitive advantage. For the short term, cash flows of Telstra will be boosted by the payments made by NBN and that of for long term the effects will become alarming (Molleryd, 2015). This implication will help Telstra in increasing the potential for nimble competitors like TPG and iiNet to compete them by providing customers with more diverse and competitive services and product. Telstra has been growing the market share in the Australian market of mobile businesses from 41% to 43% from since 2009. This implies that the brand is attractive for the customers to pay for the services that are being offered by the Telstra and many customers may even agree to pay more for those services (Rahman Areni, 2014). This could be a buffer chance for Telstra but margin compression and price attrition may be a weaker buffer than it appears. Rapid price deflation may make all the services very cheap but the affordability will become irrelevant same as the market of laptop and C are facing nowadays. It might provide more protection than its competitors might, but the demand for apples and other companies are providing better offers and covering the whole market and it is becoming difficult for the Telstra to meet the competitive expectations (Goggin, 2012). There is a trouble in the Telstra that it does not manufacture or design its own products including the T-boxes, ADSL m odems and everything else has been either purchased from another organization or rebadged under its name. This led to the loss in the brand value of the Telstra. Cybercrime can affect the Telstra and its customers by altering the services provided by it. Cybercrime is a topic of high concern for information and technology sector of this age as this threat is increasing day by day. There are various examples that have already hampered many telecommunication companies in Australia. Cybercrime includes unauthorized access of an individual to the private and sensitive information of an individual. In telecommunication, intruders generally bent on getting internet services and telephone services without any payment. Even sometimes, they find a way to decode the encryption and coding to create cheat get to access free internet and make business from it by selling to the users in manner to get free internet services (Saputra, 2016). This will affect the organization and will divert it from its achievement and goals, which is to provide better, efficient, and budget internet and telephony services to the customers. Developed Solution for the Raised Challenges Brand name is the most important objective for any organization to increase the price of its services and products. Brand level is much higher for the Telstra in the market as it is one of the biggest telecommunication industries in Australia. Loyal customers will always move toward the brand name irrespective of the price increase and any other holdback causes (Ross, 2013). Demand for the telecommunication is increasing rapidly and being estimated that it would be the biggest market in information and Technology market in future, this give a chance to evolve in all the regions of technologies for Telstra. Negotiating with the government, policy makers, and the communication body of Australia will be helpful in this context. This paragraph will emphasize on the legislative company laws that are not favorable for the Telstra. AGTA in Australia is responsible to face the responsibility of the regulating functions of Telstra and other telecommunication companies in Australia.Australian Government Telecommunication Arrangement is the body that deals with the telecommunication affairs in the Australia (Tomasini et al., 2014). Negotiating with AGTA will help in conveying the problems that may occur in the business body of the Telstra and take to high level of the authorities where these policies and laws are being created. Telstra can also negotiate on the policies and make amendments in order to adjust the policies, which can be beneficial for the company. Government will never let it happen along one-sided but adjustment may bend both sides that will result in positive aspects for both the government and the Telstra.A recommendation can be made by Telstra by meeting his body with the government and discuss on the ways by which policies can be made little bit flexible that will help the Telstra to manage its business in market more smoothly. Paying heavy taxes to the government should be the primary concern while negotiating with the government and must be addressed before the ministries. Optus, Vodafone and Virgin mobiles are the biggest competitor of Telstra in Australia and Telstra will always want be ahead of them in business. Proper strategies and proper mapping and implementing those strategies will lead Telstra to reach at the top in the run of telecommunication industries. One of the biggest challenges among the mentioned above challenges is the competitive market for Telstra. Telstra need to make strategy to overcome this challenge and think of new and innovative offers that will not only benefit the customers but also provide benefits to the company (Nimako, 2012). The stakeholders or the owners will have to find a better and more attractive way which has been never implemented in the market before and apply to its services in order to overcoming this challenge. In order to increase the awareness among the new or old customers Telstra need to create a committee that will be responsible for handle all the promotional activities of Telstra including the up gra dation, which are necessary for those activities. Including this other options should also be included in the program as discussed by the seniors and any other third party who is more experienced in this field of advertisement.Firstly, it will be beneficial if the Telstra can embark on the intensive research in the Australia considering the concern about their previous performance and contrasting it with the present performance. This will help in pointing out the hidden objectives that can be put in the list of the plan on enhancing the performance of the organization. This research will also help in gathering information on the activities and the services that competitors and other telecom service providers are offering to the customers and find if there is any loops, which can help in, tackle the market by Telstra. There should be well structured and a compliance framework for the security model of Telstra in order to overcome the challenge of cybercrime. Telstras cyber security framework should have the ability to maintain the technically proficient oversight networks operation of the Telstra. This should also include the location of data, authority of the users, and awareness among the employees there should be system to detect if any breach or compromise happens to the database (Yan et al., 2012). There should be proper auditing on the information sharing keeping in mind that the information provided to the government have also probability of releasing and exposed to unauthorized user. Risk assessment might also help in overcoming this challenge more efficiently as it will help in avoiding the delay procurement or network designing. Data breaching notification should be implemented in the system in order to detect if any intruder tries to access the server or enters the network using malicio us coding. Conclusion Based on the above report it can be concluded that Telstra is dealing with certain challenges for sustainability in the market which are listed above. But Telstra has a benefit of credit in the market as it is the first and the oldest telecommunication industry in Australia. Issues with the government regarding taxes and policies cannot be eliminated in any time regarding present or future. But this can be made easier for the industry by compromising with the government. This concern should not be the priority, it should be concerned but the priority of Telstra should be other solutions like implementing innovative services and product for the customers and find a solution to swim out this competitive market and win the race. Cyber Crime should be primary and priority issue that Telstra should be concerning on because of the threats that digital world is tolerating the most. 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