Academic Performance of Working Students

CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING Introduction Education in the largest sense is any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind, character or physical ability of an individual. In its technical sense, education is the process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills and values from one generation to another. Education is universally recognized as a fundamental building block for human development and one of the strongest instruments for reducing poverty, and is a powerful driver for development of individuals and society—improving health, gender equality, peace, and stability. The Commission on Higher Education (CHED 1995) states that higher education is primarily bridge between the world of learning and the world of work industrialization has increased the demand for more differentiated skills. The Laguna State Polytechnic University System has been founded to help each student to develop into a total person: who is well equipped with knowledge and skills; one who fits the modern world of technologies; and one who is ready and capable to meet the challenges of life. A bachelor’s of science degree in Hotel and Restaurant Management (HRM) will provide with all the skills needed to success in a wide variety of hospitality management careers. The program allows the students to understand the principles involved in leading a successful hospitality organization. At the same time, they will have the opportunity to practice these principles in applied courses and through an internship. It can individualize the degree program to fit the career field that most interested one. The career hotel and restaurant management concept deal with the preparation for gainful and successful and satisfying life and equip them with knowledge and social relations as well as manipulative skills in developing impotent attitudes and values in work is the aim of hotel and restaurant management course in general. Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. An employee may be defined as: â€Å"A person in the service of another under any contract of hire, express or implied, oral or written, where the employer has the power or right to control and direct the employee in the material details of how the work is to be performed. † Black's Law Dictionary Working students can be categorized into two groups: those who primarily identify themselves as students but who work in order to pay the bills and those who are first and foremost workers who also take some college classes. Almost two-thirds of undergraduates who work consider themselves â€Å"students who work†; the other third consider themselves â€Å"workers who study. â€Å"CHED said working students today are mostly into food service, entertainment and sales, apart from their usual stints as library and research assistants. CHED advised working students to get jobs that are not that demanding and that are more closely related to their courses. Working students are ubiquitous in higher education. Students are more likely to work than they are to live on campus, to study full time, to attend a four-year college or university, or to apply for or receive financial aid. Students work regardless of the type of institution they attend, their age or family responsibilities, or even their family income or educational and living expenses. Working while enrolled is perhaps the single most common major activity among in all diverse undergraduate population. Most of the remaining two-thirds of working students state that their primary reason for working is to pay tuition, fees, and living expenses, with upper-income students more likely to work in order to earn spending money or gain job experience. It is difficult to understand the role that work may play in helping dependent students pay for college because income and educational expenses do not appear to significantly influence the likelihood that students will work, the amount that they work, or the amount that they earn.

SWOT analysis for G-shock watch from Casio Essay

Strength In the SWOT analysis of G-shock watch from Casio, strength of G-shock watch from Casio is an important element. Firstly, we know that G-shock, Baby-G, Edifice and Pathfinder are sub-brands of Casio; they have targeted for a different group and marketed accordingly. Those brands targeting group are urban upper middle class youth. They have targeting it with clear and focused. Plus, the positioning of Casio is watches that are technology advanced. Because Casio most popular product is watches and it already designed world’s first LCD watches with having a full auto calendar. Other brand might not have those technologies yet, but Casio already have it. Now a day, people love much for LCD technology product, for example LCD TV, LCD laptop, LCD desktop and others. That is why the Casio designed LCD watches and it very popular now. There is many other innovations are synonymous with the Casio image. In addition, we can see that Casio has focus on sponsored events in the area of sports and also we can found a lot of athlete in G-shock from Casio’s advertisement. That is because G-shock watches have a similar function with those sport’s watches and sponsored events in the area of sports and use an athlete in their advertisement can prove beneficial to the brand image. The most important is, G-shock watches from Casio are cheaper if comparing to others brands but have an excellent quality. People now a day always prefer cheaper product with a good quality, and it is suitable for youth today because youth have low income. Casio brand can stand so long and popular in today because it is protected with 1986 registered trademarks in 187 countries around the world. We can see the Casio everywhere around the world. This is also the reason of why it is popular, because almost every countries around the world recognize G-shock watches from Casio. Weakness For G-shock watches from Casio, we found that it more like a watches brand than electronics brand. Almost all the watches have the same function, but just a different design and style, from here we can see that G-shock watches from Casio have put a lot of effort for designing the watches but not doing an innovation to improve the technology of the watch. We also can see that  they have a different colour watches and famous athlete in their advertisement but not a high technology watches in their advertisement. In my opinion, designing watches is not that simple like only for the appearance. Because G-shock watches from Casio are focusing in their watch’s appearance. Opportunity G-shock watches from Casio have a fashion design and style, it means that it has an opportunity to tied up with those fashion house and sponsoring events. For example, G-shock has produce watches that with a Starbuck’s logo and design. Not only the Starbuck, there is a lot of fashion house like to cooperate with G-shock watches from Casio. Now a day, we can see that many famous athletes have wearing G-shock watches, and many models like to wearing it because of it fashion design and style. As what I am saying at the strength of G-shock from Casio, G-shock from Casio have targeting youth today, and it is very successful because we can see that youths today are really attracted by G-shock from Casio because of it fashion design and style. One more reason that G-shock watches from Casio is attractive because it have a similar function as the old style sport watches. Threat G-shock watches are popular right now, but it also having threat. We know that G-shock is a sub brand of Casio, so they might face threat of counterfeit Casio product. Not only Casio, other sub-brands like baby-G, Edifice, Pathfinder also produce watches, and the appearance from those sub-brands has almost similar to G-shock. Not only the appearance, they also produce sport watches and digital watches, even the function also similar to the G-shock brand. In addition, there is one more threat that G-shock might be faced, that is competition in watches with the â€Å"sport look† in the market is heavily populated, that is because not only G-shock having a â€Å"sport look† watches in the wide market. Like what I’m saying that is a lot of brands that having those â€Å"sport look† watches and also having the similar function as sport watches. So that is hard to populate if just having a â€Å"sport look† watches. To solve this threat, we can found that G-shock now has trying to develop and designing other type watches that not just only â€Å"sport look†.

Military Commission

For years I have been dedicated to the principles and values that are represented by the United States Navy within my everyday life, and to the philosophy that governs the role of the Health Care Administration Officer in the Medical Service Corps. For this reason, among many, I am seeking a commission with the United States Navy in this capacity. My strong work ethic, my adherence to the philosophy and ethics of both the Navy and the medical field, and my ability to work as a member of a team make me a successful candidate for this position, and I am certain that I have many qualities that I could bring to this commission that would enhance not only my own abilities, but enhance the United States Navy. Early on I realized that it was important to help others, to go outside of the box that is the average person’s life and reach out to others, whether they live right next door or across the world. It was this desire that led me to volunteer and participate in community service, an experience that has helped me develop into an individual that enjoys serving mankind, and who understands the importance of doing so because I have witnessed the effects kindness and compassion has on others in need. Along with my desire to serve mankind through compassion, I also saw the United States military as sharing those values that I cherished, and realized that a career in the military would allow me to use my strengths in pursuit of attaining both my own goal, and that of our nation. In high school I joined the NJROTC and remained dedicated to this organization throughout four years until graduation. I have served as a Supply Officer and Commander, and through these experiences I have developed the commitment, courage, and discipline through the training provided to me by the United States Navy. Throughout these years I have never given up my belief that helping others is the highest calling of any individual, and the U.S. Navy brings out the best in me, and it is these traits that I wish to bring to the Medical Service Corps. It was my time in the Leadership Academy through the NJROTC that truly transformed my life and pushed me in the direction of my ultimate goal in a commission with the U.S. Navy. During my time at the Leadership Academy I was pushed to my limits both intellectually and physically, and was asked time and time again to be the best cadet that I could be. The fact that this was expected of me, and that others truly believed in me, gave me the will power and self-confidence to challenge myself to limits that I had never imagined possible. I was instilled with confidence, honor for myself and my nation, and learned to be self-reliant. These values all helped me develop leadership qualities within myself. By the end of my time at the Leadership Academy I was placed as one of the top three cadets and had developed new goals for myself, goals that I intend to fulfill within this commission. In pursuit of this goal, I have attained a Masters degree in Health Care Management, a field that allows me to use all of my strengths to the betterment of others. My ability to organize and effectively communicate with others are essential in this field, and I have spent many years, both inside a classroom and within the NJROTC and beyond, developing my management skills. A Health Care Administration Officer requires the ability to manage effectively and create a team environment in which to function. The leadership abilities that I began developing at Leadership Academy, and which I have continued to develop, are essential to being successful in this field. My time in the NJROTC has taught me that I must have high standards for myself in all aspects of my life, and this would transfer easily to this position. Beyond this, my dedication to helping others and showing compassion to those who are in pain or ill, has led me to the belief that I would bring a great deal to the position of Health Care Administration Officer in the United States Navy’s Medical Service Corps, and I would be proud to continue the tradition of service and sacrifice that has been shown by my predecessors in this commission.

Crown Prosecution Service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Crown Prosecution Service - Essay Example From the report it is clear that CPS as a body has its beliefs. It operates by helping to deliver justice across England and Wales. It ensures that it prosecute crime independently and effectively. The body is charged with guidance and leadership provision within a criminal justice system especially due to the radical changes the system may be undergoing. The organization maintains a mission statement that states its’ first and foremost priority . It believes in delivering justice through the independent and effective prosecution of crime. It also fosters a culture of excellence through initiating support and fostering better results every time. The organization has some set of maintained values. The values include being independent and fair hence the organization aims at prosecuting crime independently, without bias. As the dicussion stresses CPS is charged with four main duties since its inception. These duties include making decisions on what offences should be charged. The y are also responsible for reviewing cases. Case review is done in order to ensure that there is sufficient evidence in order to carry forward with the case presentation . They are also charged with being responsible for the cases. These cases are passed to them from the police for further action. The final responsibility is conducting the prosecutions of cases in the magistrates and Crowns courts . The creation of CPS aimed at ensuring that an independent body was put in place to present all the evidence collected by police in courts.

Aaker and Keller's brand extension theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Aaker and Keller's brand extension theory - Essay Example Aaker and Keller presented three dimensions of the relevance in terms of:(b) Hypotheses 2: The two products (original and extended) need to fit together in some perspectives for consumers to perceive enhanced transfer of quality from original brand to the new brand. The researchers argued that this transfer becomes weaker if direct fits are not visible.A number of researchers have presented their perspectives on the research of Aaker and Keller supported by their own surveys & experiments. The author shall not present any validation of arguments against the hypotheses of the researchers but hereby agrees that an organization need to deeply study the customer perceptions about new product ideas generated to benefit from brand extensions. Moreover, it is not easy to get consumer perceptions by just presenting the new product ideas to consumers because the attitudes towards new products need their tangible visualization rather than imaginations. Hence, the author proposes that organizat ions should first develop a pilot of new products incorporating the target quality that the product designers intend to incorporate and then carry out intensive surveys among consumers that already are loyal to the parent brand. Pointed questions should be asked to the consumers pertaining to the matching of new products classes with the original product classes. The author proposes that the branding should also present the results of surveys conducted by organization such that the consumers feel a sense of participation in development of the new product lines. As reiterated by Aaker and Kelly, the fitment of original and new product classes is very critical to achieve positive attitudes of consumers pertaining to the brand extensions. Hence, the organizations should develop appropriate measurement criteria and collect enough data from the markets to accurately measure the "Degree of Fitness" between the two product classes. Supporting the viewpoints of Aaker and Kelly, the author s uggests that the fitness should not only be the only criteria but the quality of the new product

Effective Documentation" and Electronic Medical Record Essay

Effective Documentation" and Electronic Medical Record - Essay Example EMR has also been essential in reducing medical errors and provision of safer care. However, the same presents with several challenges. Notably, some types of cybercrime such as social engineering are targeting EMR. Stealing of patient records or online transmission of the same to unauthorised persons is rampant. Unknown to me previously, there are federal laws that protect the rights of the patient concerning EMR. Patient data must be kept safe and secure (Guido, 2013). Every health care facility must have a means of assuring the patients of secure record keeping. Moreover, access to any information from EMR requires the patient’s consent or a court order. From both legal and nurses perspectives, EMR has enhanced documentation in the health care sector. Nurses find it easy to relate previous records with the current medical conditions (Page & Schadler, 2014). Indeed, record keeping remains now narrowed to soft computer files rather than hardcopy files that are difficult to sort out. The legal system has found means of protecting patient information because interference with patient electronic data remains easy to investigate (Simmons & Goldschmidt, 2014). Page, C. K., & Schadler, A. (2014). A Nursing Focus on EMR Usability Enhancing Documentation of Patient Outcomes.  Nursing Clinics Of North America,  49(Nursing-Sensitive Innovations in Patient Care), 81-90.

Time-Driven ABC and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) articles Essay

Time-Driven ABC and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) articles analysis - Essay Example After realizing that this technique consumes a lot of time, Kaplan and Anderson improved on it and developed a new method known as Time-driven Activity Based Costing (TDABC). This technique uses information from Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP) to assign costs to products and services directly and in a less costly manner (Kaplan, & Anderson, 2005). This paper will analyze the drawbacks of ABC that made Kaplan to develop TDABC and the relationship between TDABC and ERP. The drawbacks of ABC that led to the development of TDABC include overlooking capacity, expensive, and time consuming (Gilbert, 2007). The technique consumes time because organizations have to conduct interviews to ask workers the amount of time that they take to complete each activity. Companies take time to develop questions to ask workers about all the activities that they carry out in the firm and it consumes even more time to conduct the interview sessions (Kaplan, & Anderson, 2005). This process is also expensive because companies have to acquire resources to conduct the interviews; for example, organizations spend money on developing questionnaires, paying interviewers, and analyzing the data from the interviews. This increases the expenses of a firm leading to low profits. Kaplan also argues that the traditional ABC technique ignored the role of capacity in organizations. The traditional ABC method allocated costs to products by first determining the cost of all activities in a company. This means that this technique ignored the ability of workers and machines to produce goods in a company (Kaplan, & Anderson, 2005). The other limitation of ABC is that it is inaccurate because of errors that employees make when estimating the time that they use to complete activities in an organization (Gilbert, 2007). Time-driven Activity Based Costing solves the problems of traditional ABC by using accurate data from ERP that consumes less time and takes into account the capacity of

Reflective paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflective paper - Essay Example Similarly, developments in the fields of Humanist theories, Learning theories, Cognitive theories, and behavioral theories have also opened new horizons of knowledge for the psychologists in dealing with their clients. This paper reflects on the major human development theories and analyses how far they have contributed in identifying and resolving the mental, Psychological, behavioral and physical problems of clients. To begin with, one can never undermine the contributions made by the Psycho Analytic theorists in understanding human development and problems associated with the developmental stages of clients. G. Stanley Hall, who tried to make a detailed study on Darwin’s evolutionary theory attempting to correlate childhood with previous ages of mankind, made his greatest achievement in his child centered research. His seminal book The contents of children’s minds, published in 1883, tried to resolve the history and the means of progress of mankind by the findings of what children know and when they learn it. Hall also accepted Sigmund Freud’s sexuality theory and believed that the sexualized energies of boys have to be promoted, channeled and managed. He is known as ‘the father of adolescence.’ Though his work has been considered outdated his ideas are still applicable in education, scouting and team sports. (G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924)). Similarly, psychologi sts draw conclusions from Hall’s theories have which facilitated in identifying adolescent problems and in treating them. Hall’s theories are widely applied in the field of special education and they have proved to be highly beneficial in offering â€Å"individualized services for adolescents in grades 6-12 who have experienced depression, withdrawal, low self-esteem, socialization problems, learning disabilities, post traumatic stress disorder, or self-injurious behaviors† (G. Stanley Hall School). The term psycho analytic theory is originated with study of the great psychologist

Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Reflection Paper - Essay Example Through this means, I believe I will be among the 80 percent nurse graduates with the baccalaureate degree by the year 2020. It is also important that health care organizations offer tuition reimbursement to help develop a culture that promotes further education, and giving promotion and salary differential according to Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (n.d). b). It is important that the quality of healthcare be improved to a higher level. This can only be realized through research and development with the aim of increasing diversity by ensuring that more nurses in the country acquire a doctorate. In this connection, for me to fit into this 5th recommendation of IOM, I will ensure that I enroll for a doctorate program in the next five years after graduating with a baccalaureate degree. It is also acknowledgeable that this would require a lot of funding and dedication from an individual and schools and the public at large. However, since I have a lot of passion for education that would enable me better the lives of others in the future, sky is the limit. In case I find it difficult to get tuition fees, I will seek for assistance from well wishers and the government to offer me a scholarship. In the end, I believe I will among those who form part of the double digit number of those with a doctorate by the year 2020. It would also be benef icial for university trustees and academic administrators create salary and benefit packages that are competitive in the market to recruit highly qualified academic and clinical nurses like myself. c). For me to be able to fit into the sixth recommendation of IOM future for nursing, it would be imperative for faculty and healthcare organizations to create, and priorities competencies so that curricula can regularly be updated to ensure that graduates at all stages are well prepared to meet both

Shaping American History Essay Example for Free

Shaping American History Essay As they say there is nothing constant but change. While there is nothing that can be added to this truism, one can argue that although American society is constantly evolving, the changes that are happening in the 21st century are simply the byproduct of the events that transpired in the past, particularly after World War II. These pivotal decades after the Second World War covers the latter part of the 20th century and these five important periods in modern US history are popularly known by their epithets: the 50s, 60s, 70s, 80, and 90s. The following pages will show the pivotal events that occurred within each decade that consequently shaped American history. In the Aftermath of the War The Second World War was one of the bloodiest in the history of mankind. But aside from the carnage, the most important thing to remember about World War II is the effect it had on the political landscape. Germany was reduced to rubble and humbled beyond recognition. Japan was also humiliated especially after two atomic bombs leveled two key cities, Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Although Great Britain belonged to the winning team, the human and monetary cost of the war forced this once proud nation to take a backseat to two emerging global superpowers, the United States and the Union Soviet Socialist Republic. While the whole world was rebuilding from the ashes of war, the United States began to grow from strength to strength. It also began to evolve, particularly in the area of politics and technology. Its policies after the war as well as the scientific breakthroughs experienced by American scientists made the US a force to contend with. The United States of America replaced Europe as the center of the world. The following historical events will help characterize America in the decades after World War II. The 1950s Television There were so many things happening in the decade of the 50s. It was rebuilding time all over the world. The euphoria from winning the global conflict began to wane and Americans started to ease back into normalcy. During this time American citizens began to notice something that used to be in their peripheral vision during World War II but after the war it slowly began to move front and center – the television set. But it had to begin from scratch, â€Å"There was hardly a large enough audience base to interest advertisers in investing in what programming was available. And there was no evidence that television was more than a costly toy† (Sig, 1998). But things began to change for this little apparatus. Technology was a major factor as well as the astute businessmen who saw the great potential for TV. It did not take very long before American began to appreciate the sitcoms, soaps and news broadcast that they can enjoy watching in their television set. With regards to the impact of TV, John Corner was able to put it succinctly when he remarked that TV radically altered the scale, speed of circulation, and nature of knowledge in society and he adds that there is also, â€Å"The extension of the public knowledge field by television, a process co-extensive with television’s steady colonization of everyday life †¦ has changed the nature both of public and private life† (Thumim, 2002). In light of what is happening today, there is so much truth in this last statement. The use of television as a means to broadcast message into homes made a huge impact in American lives considering the history altering events that occurred after the 1950s. If the television set failed to replace radio as the major method of relaying information then it would have been impossible for Americans to feel the seriousness of the Cold War, the excitement of seeing man landing on the moon, the ambivalence concerning the Vietnam War, the social turmoil of the 80s, and many others.

Definition Of Water Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay

Definition Of Water Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay Water pollution is the presence of any substances in water which can be harmful for plants and animals that live in water or people who use it. In other word it is the change in the chemical or physical properties of the water and this change can lead to cause damage and health hazards to animals and plants that live inside it or organisms that use it. (1) Importance of the Nile River for Egypt The Nile River is the primary water resource in Egypt, where it represents more than 95% of the total water resources in Egypt and it is the lifeline for Egypt and there are many reasons for its importance which are: Egyptians depends on it to acquire fresh water to use it for various purposes such as drinking, cooking, cleaning and other household uses. Use it for agriculture where fertile land formed around the Nile River and they irrigated by Nile River. The Nile River is an important source of fish. It is used in water transportation because it passes from south to north Egypt. Industry in Egypt depends a lot on the waters of the Nile River. Recently after the construction of the High Dam became the Nile River is an important source for generating electricity to Egypt. (2) (1) http://www.smokefreecolorado.com/cause-for-water-pollutions/ (2) http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090216123423AALSyKI Causes of pollution There are many sources of water pollution in Nile River. Industry Wastewater: Industry is an important user of water. In same time is an important producer of pollution. Water is very important in industry. Water demand for industry was 3.6 Billion Cubic Meters BCM/year in 2000. And they expect to be 5.5 Billion Cubic Meters BCM/year in 2017. So, when industry increases, the water demands increase.(1) Municipal Wastewater In the city, the water which used by people going down through various treatment processes to make it healthy as possible before release it back to environment. Treating water is help to minimize the negative effects of wastewater on the environment. However, some poor cities along Nile River cannot use treatment facilities which are expensive for them. The only way they can use it is dumped in the river without treated. (2) Statistics show that, all governments generate 3.5 Billion Cubic Meters BCM/year of wastewater. Of these wastewater 1.6 Billion Cubic Meters BCM/year receives treatment. In 2017, 1.7 Billion Cubic Meters BCM/year will receive treatment. Although the capacity will increase but it will not be able to covers all wastewater. As it is show in table (1) the number of people serves increase and number of people not served increase because increasing in population. (3) http://www.irgltd.com/Resources/Publications/ANE/2002-09%20Survey%20of%20Nile%20System%20Pollution%20Sources-Egypt.pdf http://sitemaker.umich.edu/sec004_gp5/pollution http://www.irgltd.com/Resources/Publications/ANE/2002-09%20Survey%20of%20Nile%20System%20Pollution%20Sources-Egypt.pdf So, it will not be able to decline the amount of wastewater that is not receiving treatment. (1) Table (1) : Projections of Wastewater Treatment Coverage Year Population People Serves People Not Served 1997 60 Million 18 Million 42 Million 2017 83 Million 39 Million 44 Million Agriculture Wastewater Agriculture is larger consumer of water. And it is in same time contributed in water pollution. Runoff from the agricultural sector frequently contains pollutants that may have an adverse effect on the river. Pollutants such as salts, nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen, and pesticide residue can be found in this runoff. Agricultural runoff often is a non-point pollutant, in that it can come from anywhere in a region, and not from a specific drain. This can make it difficult to There are also problems associated with agricultural runoff seeping into the groundwater as well. (2) Effect of population There are many effect of Nile river pollution. Some of these effects are: The presence of oil on the surface of the river works as a buffer between the sun and the plants. This leads to death of fish and Lack of food for humans. In addition, that will decrease the number of fishermen Many fishermen have either left their jobs altogether or migrated, el-Fikky said. (3) http://www.irgltd.com/Resources/Publications/ANE/2002-09%20Survey%20of%20Nile%20System%20Pollution%20Sources-Egypt.pdf http://sitemaker.umich.edu/sec004_gp5/pollution http://www.irinnews.org/Report/87416/EGYPT-River-pollution-hits-Nile-fishermen The solid waste thrown in the river hinder the movement of fishermen net and torn nets which reduces the amount of fish and increase the cost on the fishermen. Saed said he usually catches 2kg of fish a day that equal to US$165 a month, but over the past few months he has had an additional headache: his net needs replacing not every month as in the past but every few days, costing him up to $144 a month. The Nile river is source for drinking but because it polluted by human that could cause a harmful effect on human and cause a dangerous diseases. Not only for people whose drink from it but also for people who eat fish or plant from it. (1) http://www.irinnews.org/Report/87416/EGYPT-River-pollution-hits-Nile-fishermen Abstract Water pollution is a serious problem for the entire world. And it is considered to be one of the most dangerous hazards affecting Egypt. The pollution of Nile River is increase especial in the past few decades. Although the Egyptians love the Nile River a lot and it is important for them, not only in economic terms but it has a significant meaning for them. But this did not protect it from pollution. In this report I will explain the meaning of water pollution. Then, I will take about the important of Nile River. After that, I will talk about causes of Nile River pollution which are industry wastewater, municipal wastewater and agriculture wastewater. Final, I will take about effect of Nile River pollution. Introduction Over two thirds of Earths surface is covered by water; less than a third is taken up by land. As Earths population continues to grow, people are putting ever-increasing pressure on the planets water resources. One of these fresh water resources is Nile River. Water is essential for life. No organism can live without it. Water pollution is problem effect human, animals and plants. And it caused by different resource. In these report I will try to find the main causes of water pollution in Nile River and the effect of that pollution. Summary In the summary, as you see all water pollution in Nile rive and in any place in the world created by human and then he try again to solve it what he already create. I advice all people to maintain the environment. And keep the water clean. Conclusion Arent we aware of the different problems occurring in our nature, especially in different bodies of water? Water pollution is the cause of our undisciplined actions and irresponsibility. We, humans are only creating problems that consequently we will also carry the burden of these problems. We all know that water pollution can affect our health badly and seriously. The solution for all environmental problems is not created. UAE University Faculty of Science Department of Biology Principles of Environmental Science Done by: Shaikha Mohammed. ID: 201003128. Instructor: Dr. Tarek Youssef.

Person-centred Care Essay

Person-centred Care Essay Introduction: Reflective essay on person centred care Modern day Healthcare has increasingly embraced concepts of client-centred practice and empowerment. However, Taylor (2003) posits that existing literature on the subject does not give clear and unambiguous descriptions of the ways by which nurses can empower clients. Nonetheless, nursing practice is inclusive of people from very different backgrounds. In my ward for example, a high proportion of the nurses did not get their initial qualifications and experience in the UK, and my mentor too did not start of as a nurse from the UK. As a result of this, in the absence of well defined guidance for patient empowerment as a practice concept (by regulatory authorities), nurses and other healthcare practitioners will always encounter difficulties in the performance of their duties in recognition of patient empowerment as a concept. The way patient care is manifest in hospitals has evolved over time and now centres around collaborative working with different teams coming together to ensure that client care and outcomes are improved (Hansson et al 2008), (Hewison and Stanton 2003). Working in this way requires that the patient is an inclusive and active partner in his care planning and care delivery. This new way of working has also been emphasised by the government introducing the agenda for patient-centred care and patient empowerment. The Department of Health stipulates that the NHS needs to empower patients more and give them control over their healthcare (DoH 2008) and the World Health Organisation (WHO) also requires that patients are always consulted before any procedure is carried out on them (WHO website). The whole concept of empowering patients may not be new to healthcare practitioners because some healthcare practitioners are known to have spoken about making efforts to carry the clients along in the process of their care delivery (Stewart et al. 2002), but Paterson (2001) claims that some healthcare professionals have also been known to use subtle and covert ways to avoid fully implementing the patient empowerment requirement even at the risk of going against regulation to empower patients. Empowerment has been (in essence) practitioner defined to suit the practitioners. As an example, at the MDT meetings I attended, the patients views were not adequately promoted, and considering the requirements of the patient empowerment agenda, the patient is supposed be in charge of his healthcare. I raised this with my mentor and the ward manager, and recommended that the patient be consulted before, and updated after every meeting that has to do with his care delivery. Acknowledging client empowerment as a way forward and in emphasising the need for this modern way of working, the Prime Minister in a key message in January 2008 said that patients are to be treated as active partners in their care. Brown et al (2006) consider that for care to be client-centred, care delivery must be focused on the client and empower and engage the client to his/her full potential as a partner in his/her care delivery. Whereas the client-centred concept requires that what is best for the patient is done, patient empowerment requires providing clients with adequate information and the knowledge required to make informed decisions and take control of their lives (Kielhofner 2002). The issue of patient empowerment raises an issue about empowering intellectually disabled persons who cannot make suc h decisions on their own. If an adult with intellectual disability does not have complete ability to communicate, their choices can be diminished which in turn can make it particularly difficult to ensure that their opinions are heard (Cameron and Murphy 2002); and even in instances where a nurse is designated the health facilitator for the client, there is no guidance as to how much decision making can be undertaken on his behalf (Martin and Carey 2009). These further complicate issues in nursing management for a qualified nurse and will call on good managerial skills. Modern healthcare practice environment is a highly regulated one with stringent requirements of the healthcare practitioners. The continued drive for improvement in both healthcare delivery service and the patients experience and quality of life (DoH 2005) have led to the promotion of improved integration between healthcare disciplines and agencies, and regulatory requirements to promote the concept of patient empowe rment (DoH 2008), (Corsello and Tinkelman 2008), (Glasby and Parker 2008). Empowerment is a natural phenomenon and is essential to humans. Patient empowerment may be resisted by nurses because of existing nurse-patient relationships (Nyatanga and Dann 2002) and so a deliberate cultural shift needs to be pursued to inculcate nurses with the shift in paradigm. To achieve, the nurse will need additional training, and the clients ought to be carried along in drawing up treatment plans. The more the client is involved in the treatment planning, the more the client appreciates his/her part in the patient empowerment agenda, and the more the satisfaction with the care delivery service. I have used simple courtesies like saying thank you to the client, and realised it brightens their day very much and also makes them much happier and willing to discuss their feelings and opinions with me. The convergence of management and nursing has evolved over the past few decades and management is often cited as the reason for failings, and also as the likely solution (Pollitt 1993) to many of the problems in the NHS. Management was first f ormally defined by Henry Fayol (1949) as the composite function of planning, organizing, coordinating, commanding and controlling activities or events. More recent definitions in management theory look at management from the perspective of empowerment, total quality management, organizational culture etc. (Hewison and Stanton 2003). Leadership and management skills in nursing overlap to a very large extent but whereas leadership skills are needed in the more personal aspects like mentoring and motivation, management skills are needed to meet organizational targets and the management of available resources. Summary With the problems associated with recruitment and retention of nurses in the health sector, and the attendant high turnover of nurses came an additional expectation of nurse-managers to help reverse the trend (even though several of the pioneering nurse-managers had not had formal managerial training) (Contino 2004). Contino (2004) described the managerial skills required of a good nurse manager to include change management, communicating plans, managing the flow of information, managing nursing ROTAs and managing finances (income and expenses). Courtney et al (2002) rate financial management knowledge as one of the top requirements for a nurse manager in order to understand financial forecasts, financial plans, financial ratios and financial performance ratios. A nurse manager needs to be very conversant with current practices and concepts. A good understanding of service improvement and knowledge (and use) of the available developmental resources for nurse improvement like the Lead ership at Point of Care programme (Janes and Mullan 2007) are essential for successful nurse-management. Carney (2009) reported that clients were more likely to be dissatisfied whenever they felt the nurse leader was incompetent. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) requires that the nurse is conversant with and aware of current developments in practice by way of continued professional development after qualifying as a trained nurse. To manage a team well, a nurse will need very good communication skills in addition to the authority to take decisions within the boundaries of his/her responsibility (Cross and Prusak 2002), (Carroll 2005) as and when necessary. A nurse manager should be a good team-player and able to multi-task (Jaynelle and Stichler 2006) and possess very good communication skills that go beyond language and/or grammar, to listening, being assertive and ensuring that the nurses decisions are enforced especially when the nurse speaks on behalf of a client (or helps to amplify the clients voice) (Harris 2003). The nurse manager should ensure that adequate communication links are established between the client and the MDT so that client views are always considered. The nurse manager should patiently try to clearly understand the patient (Lynden 2006) so as to be able to ensure clients views are accommodated in clients care delivery. In situations of acute ailments, clients can present with intellectual disability or a moderated ability to communicate verbally which can make it difficult to understand their opinions or wishes (Cameron and Murphy 2002) for their care process. To be a leader, todays nurse will need to be able to command the respect of other team members. To achieve acceptability nurse managers need to be people with high integrity and people management/motivation skills and be able to work in a collaborative setting (Carroll 2005). Integrity in this perspective is synonymous with honesty (Kouzes and Posner 2002) and several studies have highlighted the importance of honesty fo r nurse management or leadership because people (clients and nurses alike) will want to assure themselves that their leader is worthy of their trust (Kouzes and Posner 2003). During my placements in an adult care unit of a major hospital, from observation and interaction with patients and healthcare staff, my attention was drawn to a plight of some of the patients in my care: I realised that some of the patients were not being allowed to determine the course of their treatment as required by the patient empowerment agenda (DoH 2008) and this was more especial in patients with acute ailments. There was a lack of full management implementation of the Patient empowerment agenda, with particular emphasis on the relevance given to the patients choice (or voice) in the patients care delivery. The quality of care delivery is assessed by its ability to improve patient care through the collaborative team work of healthcare professionals and how patient-focused the care delivery is. For the purposes of this work, I shall refer to a renal patient in my care during my placement as Mr. B (not real name). All references to him or a hospital do not identify either. When Mr. B was †¦ and was refusing to be compliant, I approached him and had a talk with him. I discovered that his lack of compliance was in protest of the fact that he was not aware he was being put on †¦ reinforcing the position of Corsello and Tinkelman (2008) that clients will respond better to care that encourages their participation and is considerate of their specific needs. To ensure that this did not happ en again, I brought the patients complaint to the attention of my mentor and ensured that the multi-disciplinary team was made aware by adequately documenting my findings and observations. I regularly sought advice and guidance from my mentor because mentoring and role-modeling are active ways of knowledge transfer in large organizations (Carney 2009) and improves the care delivery service. Service improvement remains a core requirement for the Knowledge and Skills Framework for a registered nurse (DoH 2004) and requires an all-party embracing culture of seeking continuous improvement (Janes and Mullan 2007) where honest and periodic performance appraisals are evident. Service improvement in the NHS has been an issue of high importance and has necessitated the establishment of groups that are charged with charting out improvements within the NHS like the NHS Improvement (NHS Improvement Programme 2008). Practicing nurses are encouraged to keep abreast with developments from such groups. A new service improvement concept of patient-safety is gaining popularity in healthcare although regulatory definition is not yet specific (Feng et al 2008). Flin and Yule (2003) claim patients can be injured through the actions of healthcare staff, and Feng et al (2008) insist that a blame and shame culture inhibits learning from mistakes and can exacerbate incidences of mistakes. To this end (in the UK) an Expert group was established that recommended that the culture around error reporting shifted towards finding the cause of the error rather than the culprit (DoH 2000). Nurses are often under pressure from shortage of nursing staff, and a change in the nursing environment can improve patient safety and outcomes (Lin and Liang 2007). During my placements, I observed that Mr. B was often in bed for prolonged periods between nursing visits. I appraised the risk of the situation and ranked his needs by priority. He looked like he was beginning to get sore from immobility, so I delegated his need for exercise to the physiotherapist in the MDT, and having assessed the competency level of the HCA on the ward, I delegated the tasks of keeping Mr. Bs environment clean and regularly turning him to air his back to the HCA. The HCA had been previously supervised for this task and had been assessed as competent to perform it satisfactorily. Conclusion To achieve the required improvements which accompany patient empowerment that the NHS strives for, there must be a change from the current culture where the nurse sees the client as a patient (Nyatanga and Dann 2002) towards seeing clients as part and parcel of the decision making in their care delivery. Quality will be improved when patient empowerment/voice in patient care is active, client engagement is on a regular basis, and nurses are more patient in hearing patients out and in attending to patient calls. Patient safety issues including the security of the patient, proper risk assessment, maintaining cleanliness of his environment and regular visits should be the norm

The Power Of One :: film essay

The movie was about a boy that wanted every one to come together to understand each other better and for them to have equal rights. P.K was a boy that was thought about many things on the people he was thought by his mother about England and by nanny about the Zulu. When P.K. was a small boy he went to a boarding school for the Afrikaans. He was treated bad he even almost got killed by Jaapie Botha. When he got out of the school he went to live with Doc a friend of his grandfather. Doc goes to jail because he failed to register when he entered the country since he was coming form Germany; P.K. went with him too, to jail. Their he learned to box he was thought by Geel piet a black prisoner that new how to box, as P.K he became more of a boxer. When he got out of jail he went to box at a gym. He went to school. One day in a boxing match P.K fell in love with a girl called Maria Maria's. Maria was Afrikaner and wasn't aloud to date a British boy. They started to go out then decided to get married but that never happened because Maria got killed. P.K. and his friend were teaching the black how to reed and right and that was illegal Maria was teaching too. The Afrikaner army came in and prohibited the school and that started a fight. Maria was running towards P.K. when one of the troops smashed a chair into Marias face and she died. P.K then left because he was searched by the Afrikaners that wanted him. So he left towards Alexandria. The troops were looking for P.K. and could not find him. The troops killed any black person they could see. Jaapie Botha found P.K and he was going to kill P.K but one of P.K.'s friends killed Jaapie Botha. They both escaped from the Afrikaners. There is a lot of south African history in this video because it shows what happen to black people and the British and how they were treated un equal to the Afrikaners. They were all different but that did not mean they had to be treated this way. They were punished by the police real hard for any little insignificant thing. It also shows how they believed that separation was the right thing when it rely wasn't.

Scarlet Letter Essay :: essays research papers

"To be fully human is to balance the heart, the mind, and the spirit.'; One could suggest the novel The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, that one should not violate the sanctity of the human heart. Hester was well ahead of her time, and believed that love was more important than living in a lie. Dimmesdale’s theology and his inclinations render him almost incapable of action; Chillingsworth dammed himself, along with Dimmesdale. Hester was “frank with [Chillingsworth].'; Hester’s real sin, which she admits in her first interview with Chillingsworth, was to marry the old man. Neither loved each other. Hawthorne appeared to hint that Hester married him because of social and economic necessity; he appeared to have married her because he though she would bring a little life into his existence. The matter appeared doomed in Hawthorne’s eyes, and unnatural. Hester doomed herself when she married Chillingsworth, certified that doom when she committed adultery, and finalized that doom when she concealed Chillingsworth’s identity from Dimmesdale. The effects these events had were the separation from her society, her lover, her husband, her child, and her own best self. She did it all in the name of sanctity, for true love, and she paid the price. Dimmesdale was changed by the affair in a way that “ [he] grew emaciated; his voice, though still rich and sweet had a [tone] of decay.'; As a believing Puritan, Dimmesdale saw himself as “predestined'; for damnation. Hawthorne explained how the poor man “kept silent by the very constitution of [his] nature.'; Dimmesdale wanted to be with Hester, but he was weak. Hawthorne spoke about Dimmesdale’s bloody scourge in his closet, and how he beat himself with it. Hawthorne seemed to suggest that Dimmesdale’s “real existence on [earth] was the anguish of his inmost soul.'; Chillingsworth was a leech of evil, and Dimmesdale was his host. Chillingsworth continuously tried to get a confession from Dimmesdale: “No-not to [you]-an earthly physician.'; Chillingsworth sin was by far the greatest, as Dimmesdale stated: “That old man’s revenge has been blacker than my sin. He has violated, in cold blood, the sanctity of the human heart.'; This being the “unpardonable sin.'; One should not violate the godliness of a pure heart. Hester was a radical woman in her time, more like a 20th century woman. She knew that true love was more important than a phony, love-less marriage.

Moving to United States

Moving to United States The most memorable event in my life was when we moved out from Russia to a country that changes lives and is known as a dream land called the United States of America. When we sat on the airplane that was going toward the United States in August of 2004, we knew our lives are going to be changed in the way we always wanted them to. After twelve years of not going to school and being discriminated by Russian citizens, this moving to a new country was the most amazing, not just in my life generally, but for my entire family as well.The war started in Kabul, Afghanistan in July of 1994; moving to Russia was the only choice for my family to be safe even though we knew we would face a lot of difficulties. I was only four years old when my father and my mother took me the youngest in the family at that time, three of my brothers, and two of my sisters to Moscow, Russia. On our way to the train that was going toward Russia, we lost my fourteen year old brother.This a ccident almost stopped us from moving out from the country, but my father made the right choice either to look for his lost son or lose all of us, so we had to move on. When we finally arrived to Moscow, Russia in August of 1994, we did not have any money or a place to stay. My father remembered that he had a friend who had been living in Russia for twenty years already; maybe he could help us out for now to find a place to stay. He called him within three hours of our presence to Moscow and asked him if he could come and help us out.After an hour, he arrived, and he took us to his house and he was very happy of meeting my father after twenty years. We stayed at his house for three months. Four months later my father borrowed some money from his friend, and we opened our small business where we were selling leather jackets just to make some kind of money to eat and pay the rent. Nine months later, my father tried to take us to school, but they did not accept us because we did not ha ve any documentation that would allow us to go to school because we were illegal in the country.It was very hard and difficult for our father to see us not going to school and not getting the education that we needed for our futures; we even barely could go outside because of the citizens of that country would discriminate you and judge you by your skin color. One day my father went to the immigration center in Moscow and asked them if we could apply for citizenship or some kind of documentation that would allow his children to go to school. The Russian immigration center denied the request at the time because of some private reason that they did not want to tell my father.Five years passed and we still could not go to public schools or be legal in the country. My father tried it again and the Russian immigration center gives us the documentation that would allow us to live in the country but it did not allow us to go to school. Then one morning my older brother talked to my father, and he claimed that he does not want to live in Russia anymore without education and that he wants to move to Holland with his friends. My father was very upset and at the same time lost that he is right for how long are we going to be living like this.After three years of my brothers moving to Holland, my father decides to move to Sweden because that was the only country at that time that would accept immigrants and give them the right documentation to live in the country. It was very difficult for him to leave us in the country where the danger was around us every day, but he knew he must do something for his children to be able to go to school and live like the normal children do. In August of 1999 he arrived in Sweden, and the Swedish immigration center gave him temporary documentation to live in the country legally until they decide if he is eligible for citizenship.Very excited and happy our father called us and told us that he got the documentation to be legal in the country of Sweden. When we heard that, we thought we going to move to Sweden very soon and that we going to be together, but the Swedish immigration center asked us to wait a couple of years then we might move in. We waited two years and nothing happened, our father was very sad and confused about what he could do now. At the same time, he knew there was nothing he could do; it was all up to the immigration center of Sweden to decide our future.Then one day, it was our Holliday called Eid, my mother had her friend with her children over at our house to have a dinner with us, and she told her that they are about to move to United States the next month. My mother was very happy and excited for her friend and asked her how she did it. My mother told her that my fathers had been in Sweden for five years now and still nothing was happening. My mother’s friend told her she needed to apply at the United States immigration center that was located in Moscow and try to see if we would get acc epted.Then the next day January of 2004 my mother and I went to the United States immigration center, and we applied for the permanent residence ship to any state. After two months, we received a call from the United States immigration center that we are scheduled for an interview; we all were very excited and happy that we might move to United States, to a country that is known as the dream land and freedom. When we give our interview the person who was interviewing us asked us why we wanted to go to the United States.The answer was very simple to all of my family; it was education, freedom from being discriminated because of your skin color, and just to live in peace. After our interview, he told us, â€Å"I will see you guys in America† That moment was one of the best moments in my live and I do not think I could ever forget it. We all cried, and he told us it will take three months for them to do our paper work. When we received our plane tickets to New York, we were amaz ed and very excited about moving to a country where we never imagined moving in to. It was Sunday morning when we arrived in New York City International Airport.It was very hard for us to believe that this was really happening to us we were in America, a place where no one hates you, a place where they will allow you to go to school, and you can be who you are. Our lives changed after arriving in San Diego California, good things started to happen in with us. When we arrived here, there was a very kind gentleman at the airport who met us. He introduced himself as our case worker. We did not know what a case worker really meant, but what we did know that he was the only person who could help us.That very kind gentleman who was our case worker took us to school and got us an apartment. Two years later we found our brother after thirteen years who got lost at the time of our moving from Afghanistan. People have been saying that the United States of America can change people’s li ves, and they were right. It changed our lives, and it is a great country where everything is possible if you try. My entire family and I always had hope in our hearts; we knew nothing can be done if you do not try and if you do not have hope for a better future.

Inventory Management System Proposal

The goal over the course of the next three months is to implement a new Inventory Process that will allow Riordan Manufacturing, Inc. to create and deliver electric fans in a more efficient and accurate manner. The implementation of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), inventory-tracking system will stream line throughput, increase productivity, and reduce production costs. In the current outdated design process, many problem areas in the assembly line process can occur, such as bottlenecks, mistakes, and inaccurate counts.The proposed system will address problem areas by introducing a just-in-time production strategy to improve return on investment. Tracking inventory in real-time as it moves through the supply chain process will ensure reduced overhead of raw material and made-to-stock product.The use of RFID technology will record customer orders, shipping of product, and tracking throughput in real-time. With the proposed RFID systems and wireless software, labor costs reductio n, and process efficiencies are the result. Area supervisors will have the opportunity to focus on tasks of greater importance.With the new process, production levels will increase and labor costs will decrease, drastically reducing the process of redundant tracking of material and customer products. Implementing an RFID system will also help reduce manufacturing mistakes by closely tracking all parts required for product assembly. With measurable success and improvement rates, the use of the new Inventory System Process will help in Riordan’s future growth. Thank you for your consideration for this proposal. Please feel free to contact if there are any questions.Successful companies manage inventory, labor, and other operational costs by closely tracking them. Failure to manage those items efficiently can cost businesses their bottom line with loss of profit, and ultimately, the risk going out of business. Inventory equates to cash and although it is not as liquid, there is still a cash value associated with each product in inventory (Chase, Jacobs, & Aquilano, 2006). Riordan Manufacturing is in desperate need of updating their inventory system.Initially, when Riordan Manufacturing went into business, this process was efficient only because they were producing on a smaller scale. As a fortune 1000 company, trying to foster business growth, Riordan Manufacturing needs to incorporate innovative technologies for their inventory control processes.The inventory process Riordan uses, require many redundant activities necessary for tracking, throughout their supply chain. MRP Material Resource Planning, also known as MRP, software positively can affect a business that relies on efficiencies in manufacturing.â€Å"MRP helps enterprises control and streamline processes synonymous with order fulfillment. MRP Software is designed to analyze production demands from current sales orders, short and long term sales forecasts, and then procures the exact information for what is needed to manufacture each order† (Business Software, 2010, p. 1).MRP is a system that Learning Team D is proposing Riordan Manufacturing implements to improve productivity and efficiency. The MRP system will help to support the new inventory system of using Radio Frequency Identifiers, also known as RFID.The RFID tracking system will automate the process of entering data related to inventory. The MRP system will use the RFID system to track the inventory through the process from raw materials received, to molded, assembled, and shipment of the delivered product. In addition, the MRP system will use data from the sales department to calculate how much time required for producing the customer’s order. As part of the software, data is stored about delivery timelines for both how long it will take to receive raw materials and how long it will take to ship product to the customer.In addition, the system will calculate the materials needed for product assembly, a nd the timeframes to complete that assembly. By completing these calculations within the MRP system, manufacturing process optimization, limiting inventory on-hand and maximizing the inventory turnover time. Process Design Creating a new process design will allow Riordan to become more efficient, reducing the inventory on hand. The process design will have a direct and immediate effect on the customer (Chase, Jacobs, & Aquilano, 2006).One main metric that will identify the process is time because it calculates the work-in-process divided by the throughput rate. As a service provider of product, Riordan wants customers to have shorter wait times, and to reduce the organization’s investment cost by turning inventory over as quickly as possible. Riordan will fine-tune the inventory process by performing task at a parallel process. Most tasks can operate in sequence that will reduce the waiting time and improve production. Another change would be the order of the task in the inve ntory process.This will eliminate the back and forth transportation from machines, locations, and departments. In addition, fewer interruptions in the process will prepare purchase orders faster to avoid adding extra days to keeping inventory longer than needed. In these changes, the assembly line will increase productivity and reduce inventory cost.Applying the lean production process will achieve high volume production using minimal inventories of raw materials, work-in-process, and finished good (Chase, Jacobs, & Aquilano, 2006). The use of RFID will play a significant role for optimizing Riordan’s inventory management system.The process will work efficiently when demands are at a high quality and builds stronger relationship with the vendors to create the demand for the product. Generally, Riordan will have these tools along with implementing the MRP system to manage inventory flow process. This will create the process of identifying any bottlenecks through the inventory, packaging, labeling, and shipping process. In addition to the MRP system, Riordan will also include the RFID scanning system to improve the technology aspect of the business. Supply ChainRiordan will benefit greatly by implementing an RFID scanning system. Converting the inventory system to implement newer technologies will increase process throughput. Transition to the RFID system will improve Riordan’s opportunity to compete in the global market.Tracking inventory on paper is not efficient, especially when information gathered needs updated in China by close of business each day. The use of RFID through the Internet, improves Riordan’s opportunity for growth, keeping track of every item in inventory. With an RFID system, real-time trending and forecasting will be possible.Computer software used in conjunction with hardware devices monitor the use of inventory more accurately by continually scanning and uploading data. With the use of RFID, Riordan will reduce loss o f inventory or wasted product by setting control limits.Ultimately, reducing labor costs and increasing profits. In most industries, labor is the one of their biggest expense. The inventory clerk positions could have a significant reduction of labor hours and even eliminate the position entirely with an electronic process. The amount of time spent tracking inventory goes from minutes to mere seconds because of RFID technology.As Riordan continues to grow, it is important to established centralized warehouses in key locations. The inventory software will help Riordan executives forecast how much inventory one particular warehouse could handle, more effectively than the current method used. Inventory management is the key focus for process improvement.This new inventory management system will reduce labor cost by streamlining data entry, therefore, speed transaction time, and ultimately, reduce the amount of inventory on-hand. Packaging, labeling, and shipping will involve incorporati ng a new inventory management process.Combining handheld computers, RFID readers, software, and a wireless infrastructure gives supervisors the ability to monitor inventory and track each activity within the manufacturing process. By connecting a wireless infrastructure, the application will operate in real-time.Supply chain design will enable Riordan to reduce stock on-hand and improve inventory throughput. Maintaining par levels through forecasting from the materials used, average inventory stock is projected. Demand and supply uncertainties associated with custom products will require a supply chain strategy that incorporates an agile supply chain.Supply chains using strategies aimed at responsiveness, and flexible, overcome the risks of supply shortages by pooling inventory and other capacity resources. As previously mentioned, the current steps for processing raw materials is labor intensive and in many ways, work against the company’s long-range strategy.The use of an R FID tracking system will allow more accurate and real-time information to be readily available. Forecast Forecasting the costs and expected benefits is critical to determining if the project is worthy of investment by a company. This forecast, completed for the implementation of both an RFID and MRP system.There are a number of salary costs for this type of project, including a project manager salary for one month ($3,333), an install technician for two months ($6,600). A trainer for 20 days ($1,640), salaries for 10 technical support agents to be trained over 10 days ($11,000), and salaries for 100 staff agents trained over 10 days.However, the largest cost for this project will be the technology itself. To install an RFID system the following will need purchasing; active tags at the price of $10 each for 100 in total, five $500 readers, and the middleware that coasts $100,000. The MRP software will bring the biggest price of $300,000.The total costs of implementing the project wil l be $536,139. Obviously, these costs are only beneficial to the company if they bring about a positive change to the company’s income. The implementation of the MRP and RFID system allow the elimination of the inventory clerk position, saving the company $45,000 annually.In addition, supervisors will be more effective as the labor intensive reports are eliminated, saving the supervisors 40 hours a month and the company $959 a month. The manufacturing team will also benefit from the elimination of these labor-intensive reports. It‘s estimated that the manufacturing team will save $574 a month. In addition, because of the expected efficiencies with managing inventory Learning Team D predicts that one facility, currently used to house supplies, is no longer needed saving the company $8,000 monthly, in leases.According to a survey of more than 600 companies, Riordan can expect a number of increased efficiencies. Perhaps the most telling increase to performance is that deli very times will be reduced from 71 days to 59 days on average (Schroeder, Anderson, Tupy, &White, 2012, p. 1). This means that Riordan will be able to improve order processing by 17%.With profits already at $1,956,371 (Apollo Group Inc.) annually, a 17% increase would result in an additional $163,031 monthly in profits. Keeping all of this information in mind Riordan would see a return on their investment in approximately 13 months.ConclusionThe new tracking system will help in supporting the principles in strategic capacity planning by allowing Riordan to decrease the waste of resources, such as ordering too many raw materials, using facilities as storage, and using labor hours for data entry. Improving Riordan’s inventory control process will produce a more efficient supply chain management, translating into increased customer satisfaction.Both strategic capacity planning and lean production play an integral part in the improved inventory system at Riordan. The strengths fo r Riordan’s new process will increase productivity, and enhance the products life cycle. Building a better strategy will open the door for further growth opportunities.It will take a team to develop the strengths and opportunities of the new inventory management process. Measures of changing the supply chain design by adding the new RFID to Riordan’s inventory system will become the reason for Riordan becoming the leader in the electric fan industry. (Note: see appendix A for Gant chart)

Purchasing and supplies Essay

Purchasing can be traced as far back as 2800 BC in cuneiform clay tablets purchasing orders. Curiously only during the past two countries has purchasing been addressed in trade books and text books. In 1832 Charles Babbage addressed purchasing in his book â€Å"On the Economy, Machinery and Manufacturing† The first book devoted specifically to purchasing, â€Å"The Handling of Railway Supplies: The Purchase and Disposition† published in 1887 was authored by Marshall M. Kirkman. The first college textbook on purchasing was authorized by Howard T. Lewis of Harvard University in 1933. Although interest of purchasing and supply function has been a phenomenon in the 20th, it was recognized as independent and importing function well before 1900. Growth of interest and attention to purchasing was rather uneven in the early 1900’s but by 1915, several books on purchase had appeared and several articles had been published in trade press primarily in the engineering journals. Yet prior to World War I (1914-1918) most firms regarded the purchase function primarily as a clerical activity. However during the world war, the ability to obtain raw materials supplies ad services needed to keep the factories and mines operating were the 3 key determinates of organizational success. Attention was given to the organization policies and procedures for purchase functions, and so it emerged as a recognized management activity. Historically since management interest has focused on research and development, marketing, finance and operations, purchasing has frequently been subordinated to these functions. Mangers are however becoming aware impact on the bottom line that does any other functions. It is with such insights the purchasing has evolved and evolves through the following four stages. Passive stage- Purchasing function has no strategic direction and primarily reacts to the requests of other functions, This stage is characterized by: a) High proportion and individual communications due to purchasing low visibility b) Supplier selections based on price and availability. Independent stage- Purchasing functions adopts the latest purchasing techniques and processes, but its strategic direction is independent of the firms competitive strategic. In this stage; a) Performance is based primary on cost reduction and efficiency measures. b) Coordination links are established between purchasing and technical discipline. c) Top management recognizes the importance of professional development. d) Top management recognizes the opportunities in purchasing for contribution to profitability Supportive- Purchasing function support the firm’s competitive strategy by adoption purchasing techniques and products which strengthens the firm’s competitive position In this stage; a) Purchase is included in sales proposal teams. b) Suppliers are considered a resource with emphases on experience motivation and attitude. c) Market product and suppliers are continuously monitored and analyzed. iv) Integrative stage- Purchasing strategy is fully integrated into the firm’s competitive strategy and constitutes part of an integrated effort among peers to formulate and implement a strategic plan. In this stage; a) Cross-functional training of purchasing professionals executive is made available b) Permanent lines of communication are established among other functional areas. c) Professional development focuses on strategic elements of the competitive strategy d) Purchasing performance is measures in terms of contributions to the firm’s success 1.3 The Role of the Purchasing Department The purchasing department is expected by the management to fulfill the following five rights Right Time Right Price These rights are also referred to as the principles of purchasing. In order to undertake these rights the purchasing department delineates the following as in roles;   To support company operations with an uninterrupted flow of materials and services. ii)To buy competitively- Keep abreast of the forces of demand and supply that regulate prices and material availability on the market; understanding suppliers cost structure and ability to help reduce it further; price negotiation to help reach a fair price. To buy wisely- Continual search for better vales that yield the best combination of quality service and price; reconciling users needs with suppliers capabilities by use of cross functional teams; To keep inventory investment and inventory losses at a practical minimum. To develop good relationship with suppliers community and good Continuing relationship with active suppliers- good relationship with potential suppliers is invaluable. To achieve maximum integration with other departments of the firmUnderstanding major needs of user departments and provide such support as; standardization of programmes, future price forecasting, make or buy analysis and providing a repository of information and data from suppliers. To handle the purchasing and supply management function proactively and in a professional cost effective manner- Continual analysis of activities to eliminate those that only marginally contribute to the effectiveness of the organization and establishing policies and procedures that achieve departments objectives in the most cost effective manner 1.4 The Contribution of Purchasing Department to the Overall Firm’s Performance As a function, purchasing is common to all types of business operations. The purchasing department however is an organizational unit of a firm whose duties may include responsibility for part or all of the purchasing function and additional activities as well. As a matter of fact, the purchasing function is usually performed most effectively and efficiently by a centralized unit made of buying specialist who a time may work in conjunction with a more comprehensive cross-functional team of specialists. Prior to the 1950, the purchasing department was a clerically oriented order placing unit. In the ensuing years however, managerial emphasis has focused on specialization of individual buying activities, professionalism and contribution to the firm’s profit. This emphasis by the management on the purchasing department has been borne out to of the realization of the profit potential of purchasing as a function. Every shilling saved in purchasing is equivalent to a new shilling in profit. The profit margin of a firm is usually given as.

Ethics for the Real World

ETHICS FOR THE REAL WORLD Creating a personal code to guide decisions in work and life RONALD A. HOWARD & CLINTON D. KORVER Hanle Ying Special Topics in Accounting March. 16, 2011 Introduction Within the development of human culture, ethics has been more and more emphasized in human beings. Ethics is not only requested in the work place, but also it should be requested in individuals. Ethics is an extremely helpful in human daily life. For the work place, ethics can help people to trust each other, allow people to know clearly what they can do or not do, and assist their efforts with each other to create a true market in the world.For the individuals, ethics can help to correct people’s attitude about life and to help them build a positive outlook. However, no matter whether in the work place or in an individual’s life, ethics can create a personal code to help people to make the right decision. Reading ETHICS FOR THE REAL WORLD-creating a personal code to guide decisio ns in work and life not only can help us know what ethics is and how we can draft a personal code to help us make the right decision, but it also lets us know how we can use ethics to transform our life and work.It’s really a good book on ethics and very practical for human beings. This book represents the different thinking of ethics and provides a personal code for people who working; individuals can use the code of ethics to examine their own ethical problems so they can make the right decisions during work. In the real world, there are many behaviors that look ethical, but are not. Conversely, some behaviors look unethical, but are ethical. Since we cannot always discriminate what is really ethical, we sometimes have a dilemma in making a decision.However, the description in this book, expressed by the authors help us to know what ethics is and he helps us to build an ethical framework and draft a personal code in our mind. We can use the ethical framework and the persona l code to help us make the right decision. The authors also demonstrate that people can use three steps to help them to clarify the ethical issue, evaluate the consequence of the behavior, and in the end, make the right decision. Moreover, ethics not only can help people make the right decision, but it also can help people to transform the work and life.Author Biography The names of the authors are Ronald A. Howard and Clinton D. Korver. â€Å"Ronald A. Howard is one of the founders of DEF, who is the academic director of the Strategic Decision and Risk Management certificate program at Stanford University. He supervises teaching and research in the Decision Analysis Program of the Department of Management Science and Engineering and he also is the director of the department’s Decision and Ethics Center. Moreover, Mr. , Howard is a professor in the Stanford Graduate School of Business.His experience covers many fields in decision analysis project, from investment planning to research strategy, and from hurricane seeding to nuclear waste isolation† (2011). Furthermore, â€Å"Mr. Howard has been a consultant to several companies and was a founding director and chairman of Strategic Decision Group† (2011). Clinton D. Korver not only is the co-author of Ethics for the Real World, but also â€Å"he is a partner and co-founder at Ulu Ventures, a Silicon Valley venture capital firm investing in early-stage information technology companies.He is also a Kauffman Fellow, co-founder and co-president of Stanford Angels & Entrepreneurs, and a venture partner at Crescendo Ventures† (2008). Moreover, â€Å"Mr. Korver is the founder and CEO of DecisionStreet, which provides Web-based tools to help consumers make information life decisions about health, wealth, housing, and family affairs† (2008). Mr. Howard and Mr. Korver wrote Ethics for the Real World-creating a personal code to guide decisions in work and life in 2008.In order to create t he habit of highly ethical behavior, Howard and Korver help us to know what ethics is and how we can discriminate ethical issues in our daily lives. In addition, they help us to use ethics to make the best decision in every situation. Summary of Book It’s a good book on ethics, and the authors use a practical approach to talk about what ethics is. The purpose of the authors in this book is not to stimulate people to get high ethics in their mind. Contrarily, they want people to know and study ethics through the tiny little things around us. People do some things or make some decision unethically because they think he decision seems unimportant; however, they still want others to respect and trust them. They even want to continue live in a harmonious environment. But their actions and thoughts are reversed. As a result, this is one of the reasons why people sink into the ethical dilemma. The book provided many theories to help people to understand and study ethics, such as som e behavior seems ethical for one, but he still has to confirm if it’s ethical for another; one could look analyze another’s ethical behavior when one sinks into the ethical dilemma; and one could set up an ethical code to help him to correct his ethical problems.But the one of reason why people do the unethical things are they often misunderstand the meaning of ethical, legal, and moral. Someone considered poor ethical as poor moral. Also the legal behavior is considered ethical, and illegal behavior is considered unethical. Actually, there is a total difference between ethical, legal, and moral. Something could be legal, but it’s unethical, such as lie, using profanity to someone. Something could be illegal, but it might be ethical, such as killing terrorists. Therefore, the most important issue for people when knowing ethics is to be able to discriminate the meaning of ethical, legal, and moral.This topic was expounded clearly in the beginning of the book. Thi s book combined four parts: Introduction, seven chapters, an epilogue, and two appendices. Furthermore, the authors combined these four parts very logically, especially in the seven chapters. The authors provided the almost ethical at first, and give a roughly ethical frame in people’s mind, through know and study the ethics to create the personal code. And then use the personal code to do the ethical behavior or make the ethical decision. In the end, the authors demonstrate that the ethics can help people transform their work and life.This sequence is coincidence with people’s thinking and easier to be understood by people. The Introduction not only reflects the rough content of the rest of the book, but it also includes a short summary of each chapter, the engineering approach, and the clarification of the difference between ethical, legal, and moral. Moreover, it also includes the experience of both authors. This introduction is very helpful for people to know what the book is and how to use this book. In addition, the introduction also talks about the skill of making the right decision, it is a weakness we often have because we have little education in this area.The seven chapters can be divided into four parts: the first three chapters, the fourth chapter, the fifth chapter, and the last two chapters. The first three chapters represent what ethics is and the problem of setting up an ethical bottom line. Actually, ethics is not very strange for each person; everyone has a rough framework about ethics, but most of us don’t know the real meaning of ethics. Everyone wants to be an ethical person, and most people have an ethical bottom line to contrast their ethical behavior. This bottom line is very important for each person.But people always sink into the ethical trouble because the ethical bottom line. Certainly, someone utilize this bottom line and the loopholes in the law to build a gray area, doing something between right and wrong. Everybody knows that to tell a lie is unethical behavior, but some use white lies to prevent crime or war; why not? I think most of us would rather to tell this lie. Therefore, there are no fixed rules for people to study ethics. People should learn and analyze the ethics of other’s ethical behavior and set an own ethical bottom line to do the right things or decisions.The fourth chapter is based on the first three chapters. After people know what ethics is and set up an ethical bottom line to distinguish what they can do or not do, they should create their own ethical code to complete their ethical framework. The main purpose of the fourth chapter is to show people how to draft someone’s own ethical code. The fifth chapter talks about how some people to do nothing when facing unethical issues. Although people can make the ethical code by themselves, it does not mean they will be ethical all the time. In this situation, people have to re-clarify the ethical issue and t ry to create alternatives.Moreover, in order to ensure the feasibility of their alternatives, people have to evaluate the alternatives and then re-make the ethical decision. The last two chapters stated how people use their personal ethical codes to transform their personal life and work life. Having a good ethical code is very important to our daily lives. It not only helps us to distinguish what we can do or not do, but also it can make us face life and work peacefully. This has the most positive effect on our daily lives. The book is composed by the skill of ethical thinking and the ethical decision making.The main purpose in the Epilogue stated how people developed the habit by this skill. However, the habit is developed through constant practice, and the practice is directed by thoughts. Therefore, having good ethical thinking skills not only can help people to make the ethical decision, but also can help develop the right habit in their life. The Appendix A is the flow chart o f ethical decision making process which not only helps us know better what ethics is, but also we can use this flow chart to compare our ethical frame to correct and complete our weakness in ethics.The Appendix B talks about the three people’s ethical code that has totally different backgrounds. And the Appendix B let us know no matter what background people have, as long as they are willing to understand and study ethics, they can possess the ethical code. Personal Reflection and Conclusion I always ask myself what does ethics mean? What kind of action belongs to ethical or unethical? Is any behavior within laws ethical issue? However, we have to face ethical decisions in our daily lives, and we always sink into the ethical dilemma because of these decisions.For example, we will make some excuses to avoid trouble, and we will use some white lies to make others feel more acceptable. We always ignore ethics in some trivial things, and ethics becomes strangers around us. This b ook has very helpful to me. I know that I am not a real ethical man. For example, I used fake excuses to explain my absences; or a bad grade to my parents, as well as use profanity to someone. Now all these behaviors seem wrong. In the past time, I always use different excuses to avoid responsibility when I got into some troubles, and put all the blame upon someone or something else.Now I think carefully; avoiding responsibility is unethical behavior. Individual development and social development should not lack communication and responsibility. If everyone is not sincere and they choose to avoid responsibility when faced the trouble, the individual and social development cannot be achieved, not mention to creating a real life environment. Therefore, building a good personal code is very important to everyone. We are always bothered by the issue that seems ethical, but indeed it’s not.Different people have different values, so they have different ethical lines. Some consider that the white lie is moral; someone may consider that the rational avoidance tax also is moral. People always abandon their principle to do some things which they consider are ethical, but indeed they are not. Thus, people slowly lose their moral bottom line because of these tiny little issues, and then, make them into the gray areas to do something that seems legal, but indeed it’s unethical. If everyone stays in the gray area, nobody will be honest with each other anymore.Therefore, in order to correct our values and life attitude, we should build a personal code which cannot be broken by any excuses. Before doing anything or making any decision, we should consider own personal code and use it to restrain our behaviors, which give us no excuse to do anything that violates ethics. The authors Ronald A. Howard and Clinton D. Korver together created Ethics for the Real World-creating a personal code to guide decisions in work and life, they clearly define what ethics is and u se bright black and white contrast to make us know better the meaning of ethics.Moreover, because of the sufficient experience, the essence of this book is easier to be accepted and studied and has a profound meaning in our daily work and life. The reason why I choose this book is I am always bothered by the ethics bottom line in the daily work and life. Sometimes ignore ethics because of the tiny little things. As a result, I slowly lose my ethics bottom line. Now think carefully; this is a wrong behavior and life attitude. This book opened my eyes; it teaches me that not only everyone should have their own ethical code and personal code, but also we should build our principle to do everything.No matter when we do anything or make decisions, we should base them on this personal code. Let our life be surrounded by ethics. Reference Clinton D. Korver, Bloomberg Businessweek, 2008, Retrieved from: http://www. businessweek. com/bios/Clinton_D. _Korver. htm Clinton D. â€Å"Clint† Korver’89 2001, Grinnell College, 2008, Retrieve from: http://www. grinnell. edu/offices/president/trustee/memberintro/korver Ronald A. Howard, Decision Education Foundation, 2011, Retrieve from: http://www. decisioneducation. org/about-DEF/board-of-directors/ronald-howard

Evaluate the recommendation to provide a tax system with a neutral Assignment

Evaluate the recommendation to provide a tax system with a neutral treatment of life-cycle savings for the vast majority of taxpayers (as described in chapter 13) - Assignment Example In order to restore the health of the treasury and the public finances, the government revised the tax structure which aimed at increasing the tax receipts from the public in UK. The income tax, national insurance taxes, value-added tax and the corporation taxes are the largest contributors to the tax receipts of the government (James, 2009, p.74). Thus the modification of the tax structure of UK has implications for the household savings and has affected the life cycle savings of the households. On the same lines, a new higher income rate of 50% has been announced for individuals with income level over 1.47 billion pounds. The tax structure has also removed the income tax personal allowance in order to make for increased payment of taxes by the government. The tax rates for National Insurance have also been increased by 1%. In order to reduce the impacts on the low earning class of people, the threshold for the national insurance have been increased. The tax structure has also aboli shed the reduced rate of value-added taxes that apply to the selected goods and services offered by the producers. The review of the current tax system in UK revealed that the tax structure is costly and not uniform in terms of lifecycle savings of the individuals. The current tax structure urges the individuals and the households to spend earlier in their lives rather than waiting for the later stages. The current tax system has been reviewed to find that it would lead to rising inflation rates in the economy. The current tax system of UK has been reviewed to find that there are varying tax rates of 40%, 50% and 60% for people belonging to various income brackets. The increases in the income tax, national insurance tax, reduction of personal income tax allowance are measures that could excessively reduce the income levels of the economy and could also lead to higher rates of unemployment. Therefore, it has been

The DENMARK LEADERSHIP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The DENMARK LEADERSHIP - Research Paper Example The conservative elements are evident in its state structure and the government relations. Denmark is Parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy with the Queen as a head of the state. Leadership of Denmark is conservative as it is based on century old principles of government and inner state relations. They include a freely elected parliament, not all of the same party, a tolerant respect for opposition and for rules of the game under constitutional laws, an independent judiciary, a public service free from bias, an unrestricted press, no torture, no arbitrary imprisonment, no state seizure of property, no restraints on public meetings or on the dissemination of news. They are ideals laid up in a parliamentary heaven but they provide a pattern for the imperfect world of would-be democratic societies, and the papers printed in this volume should be seen as a preliminary attempt to assess the likely success or failure of states whose governments have begun to introduce reform or are faced with the task of maintaining those already in place (Docalavich 43). Liberal elements of its leadership are found in its international politics and approval of euro as a national currency. Thus, conservatism still dominates its politics. The Danish executive consists of a wide variety of political and administrative institutions. The principle of departmentalism stands in direct contrast to that of collegiality, yet it affects the behaviour of all Cabinet members apart from the Prime Minister. Both legally and politically, there are centrifugal pressures within the Cabinet system, which drive Ministers apart from each other and which make the Prime Ministers coordinating role as well as his or her leading and guiding role more difficult. Legally, Ministers are responsible for the actions of their own departments. The principle of individual ministerial

How do the cells of a growing plant know in which directions to Lab Report

How do the cells of a growing plant know in which directions to elongate - Lab Report Example For elongation to occur, the plant cells must loosen their cell walls for a short while (Wayne 2010). Auxin hormone is responsible for elongating the cells in the shoots. It triggers the pumping of hydrogen ions across the cell membrane and altering the way gene expression occurs within the cell in a way that influences plant growth. The experiment focuses on the influence of mechanical force in influencing the direction of the plant cell elongation. Plant cells transmit mechanical force among each other. The experiment was conducted after suspecting that mechanical force guides the alignment cortical microtubules (Wayne 2010). The experimented started by examining the non-elongated plant cells. The cells that lacked walls (protoplasts) were isolated from the tobacco plant, Nicotiana tabacum. The isolation was done through exposure of the plant cells to enzymes with the capability of destroying the cell wall. The result is a spherical plant cell. When the protoplasts were allowed to develop in the culture medium, they reformed their cell walls (Wymer & Cosgrove 1996). To study the effects of directional forces on plant cell elongations, the tobacco protoplasts were subjected to a unidirectional force that was produced by a centrifuge. The exposure of the force was made with previous knowledge that when the centrifugation is made in low speed, it does not distort the shape or integrity of the protoplast. The protoplasts were then immobilized ready for centrifugation. They were embedded on an agar medium that was supported by the mold. The embedded cells were spun for 15 minutes at 450 rpm in a centrifuge. After centrifugation, the already embedded cells were then cultured for 72 hours to allow the cell elongation to take place (wymer & Cosgrove 1996). After centrifugation was over, a microtubule antibody that was fluorescently tagged was added to the protoplasts. The cells were then